Bioreactivity of peptidoglycan in seawater

Kitayama, Kiyo; Hama, Takeo; Yanagi, Katsumi

doi:10.3354/ame046085

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(76 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The remaining ratio reported for specific organic compounds or fractions determined by bacterial culture experiments can be compared to the BAC-FDOM H calculated in the present study to assess its biodegradability. Kitayama et al (2007) reported that on Day 60, the concentration of dissolved D-alanine, which is a component of peptidoglycan (no sampling was done on Day 90 in their experiment), accounted for 26% of their maximum concentration. Although recent studies have cast doubt on the recalcitrant property of bacterial peptidoglycan (Kaiser & Benner 2008), others have identified it as one of the recalcitrant bacterial products (Kitayama et al 2007).…”

Section: Biodegradability Of Bac-fdom Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kitayama et al (2007) reported that on Day 60, the concentration of dissolved D-alanine, which is a component of peptidoglycan (no sampling was done on Day 90 in their experiment), accounted for 26% of their maximum concentration. Although recent studies have cast doubt on the recalcitrant property of bacterial peptidoglycan (Kaiser & Benner 2008), others have identified it as one of the recalcitrant bacterial products (Kitayama et al 2007). The remaining ratio of BAC-FDOM H determined in this study (63%) on Day 60 was considerably higher than that of peptidoglycan (26%).…”

Section: Biodegradability Of Bac-fdom Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Bacterial production of marine humic-like fluorescent dissolved organic matter and its biogeochemical importance

Shimotori¹,

Omori²,

Hama³

2009

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bacterial production of humic-like fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM H ) was examined in a 90 d culture experiment using a bacterial assemblage collected from coastal water with artificial seawater amended by glucose. A rapid decrease in dissolved organic carbon concentration was noticed during Days 1 to 5, and this coincided with an increase in bacterial numbers. The increase in FDOM H , which was determined by Excitation-Emission Matrix Spectroscopy (EEMS), was observed by Day 20, showing the production of FDOM H by bacteria. This increase lagged behind the increase in bacterial numbers, suggesting that the production of

show abstract

Section: Biodegradability Of Bac-fdom Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biodegradability Of Bac-fdom Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial production of marine humic-like fluorescent dissolved organic matter and its biogeochemical importance

Shimotori¹,

Omori²,

Hama³

2009

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The blank (value of Milli-Q water) and fluctuation range (standard deviation of Milli-Q water) were evaluated as 0.075 and ± 0.031 mg C l -1 , respectively. Bacteria were counted using epifluorescence microscopy after staining with 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (Kitayama et al 2007). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We considered that the effects of Zn on remineralisation could be attributed to bacterial abundance because, in many cases, DOM remineralisation is closely related to bacterial growth and abundance (Amon et al 2001, Kitayama et al 2007). Zn addition led to a clear decrease in bacterial cell numbers on Day 14 for the sample from Stn Matsuyama (Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of Zn On the Remineralisation Of Natural Dommentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Inhibitory effect of zinc on the remineralisation of dissolved organic matter in the coastal environment

Wada

2011

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-1 ), DOM concentrations at the end of the experimental period (Day 14) increased 2.4 to 6.9%, and turnover time prolonged with a timescale of weeks to months. These potential shifts induced by Zn suggest that the allochthonous input of Zn into the coastal environment leads to suppression of energy flow in the microbial loop and enhances transport of DOM from coastal to offshore areas. KEY WORDS: Zinc · Zn · DOM · Remineralisation · Bacterial abundance Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherAquat Microb Ecol 63: [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] 2011 higher concentrations of pollutants have been detected in coastal areas (Reddy et al. 2005, Cuong et al. 2008, Siddique et al. 2009) when compared to oceanic regions (Ellwood & Van den Berg 2000, Fukuda et al. 2000. Because some of the chemicals can alter biological activities (e.g. Pinto et al. 2003, Pereira et al. 2009), numerous researchers have focused on the toxic effects of such chemicals on organisms, including humans (e.g. Dell'Anno et al. 2003, Bielmyer et al. 2006, Thompson & Bannigan 2008, Mishra 2009). Based on their toxicity, it is recommended that the environmental concentrations of some chemicals be restricted to low levels (Bielmyer et al. 2006).Because zinc (Zn) is one of the heavy metals regarded as being less toxic to human health unless the concentration is abnormally high (Walsh et al. 1994), its concentration is loosely regulated (Water Quality Standards: 10 to 86 μg Zn l -1 ) (Chongprasith et al. 1999, Nagpal 1999, FDEP 2005, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation in Japan 2008), allowing considerable emissions of Zn from anthropogenic sources. In addition, much of the runoff of Zn occurs not only from human activity but also derives from natural environments (Hoshika & Shiozawa 1986). These findings indicate concentrations of Zn that are several orders of magnitude higher in many coastal environments when compared to other toxic heavy metals such as cadmium, copper and lead (Shitashima & Tsubota 1990, Reddy et al. 2005, Cuong et al. 2008).As mentioned above, Zn (compared with other heavy metals) is regarded as being a relatively less toxic element for humans and higher organisms, but it exerts a strong inhibitory effect on bacterial activity (Paulsson et al. 2000). Most studies on the effect of Zn on bacteria have been carried out in freshwater environments (Nweke et al. 2006, Vega-López et al. 2007; the results have shown a strong suppression of bacterial growth at low concentrations (> 0.1 μg Zn l -1 ), which is about an order of magnitude lower than the effective level on phytoplankton (Paulsson et al. 2000). Although there have been just a few studies on the effects of Zn on marine bacterial communities (Ku$pilić et al. 1989, Caroppo et al. 2006, RochelleNewall et al. 2008, these studies, too, have suggested that the activity of marine bacteria is also inhibited by the addition of Zn at 1 to 100 μg Zn l -1 . However, the impact on marine bacteria might be a little weak ...

show abstract

Release and Consumption of d-Amino Acids During Growth of Marine Prokaryotes

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Analysis of the composition of the marine-dissolved organic matter has highlighted the importance of D-amino acids, whose origin is attributed mainly to the remains of bacterial peptidoglycan released as a result of grazing or viral lysis. However, very few studies have focused on the active release of D-amino acids by bacteria. With this purpose, we measured the concentration of dissolved amino acids in both enantiomeric forms with two levels of complexity: axenic cultures of Vibrio furnissii and Vibrio alginolyticus and microcosms created from marine microbial assemblages (Biscay Bay, Cantabrian Sea) with and without heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNFs). Axenic cultures showed that only D-Ala was significantly released and accumulated in the medium up to a concentration of 120 nM, probably as a consequence of the rearrangement of peptidoglycan. The marine microbial assemblages showed that only two D-amino acids significantly accumulated in the environment, D-Ala and D-aspartic acid (Asp), in both the absence and presence of HNFs. The D/L ratio increased during the incubation and reached maximum values of 3.0 to 4.3 for Ala and 0.4 to 10.6 for Asp and correlated with prokaryotic and HNF abundance as well as the rate of prokaryotic thymidine and leucine incorporation. Prokaryotes preferentially consumed L-amino acids, but the relative uptake rates of D-Ala significantly increased in the growth phase. These results demonstrate that bacteria can release and consume D-amino acids at high rates during growth, even in the absence of viruses and grazers, highlighting the importance of bacteria as producers of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the sea.

show abstract

Bioreactivity of peptidoglycan in seawater

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Bacterial production of marine humic-like fluorescent dissolved organic matter and its biogeochemical importance

Bacterial production of marine humic-like fluorescent dissolved organic matter and its biogeochemical importance

Inhibitory effect of zinc on the remineralisation of dissolved organic matter in the coastal environment

Release and Consumption of d-Amino Acids During Growth of Marine Prokaryotes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About