Biopsychological Validation of the Sasang Personality Questionnaire in Middle School Students

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Background The biopsychological, pathological and physical characteristics of Yin-Yang (Eum-Yang in Korean) have been suggested using Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), however, the revision of SPQ is required for escalating its clinical use and multidimensional study on Yin-Yang. Methods 274 university students were recruited to complete the SPQ, candidate items of revised SPQ (rSPQ) along with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). After selecting rSPQ items using Item Analysis and Explorative Factor Analysis, its psychometric property was examined using Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Pearson’s correlation and t -test. The biopsychological features of Yin and Yang personality groups based on rSPQ total score were illustrated with the TCI using ANOVA and Profile Analysis. Results The behavior, cognition and emotion subscales of 15-item rSPQ had robust psychometric construct and showed distinctive psychological characteristics of Yin-Yang. The rSPQ-total score was correlated positively with SPQ-total (r = 0.644, p < 0.01) and TCI Novelty-Seeking (r = 0.398, p < 0.01), and negatively with TCI Harm-Avoidance (r = −0.364, p < 0.01). And, the Yin personality group (34.45 ± 10.36 and 46.82 ± 12.27) has significantly different scores in Novelty-Seeking and Harm-Avoidance compared to Yang personality group (43.2 ± 9.1 and 36.53 ± 10.78). Yin and Yang personality groups showed distinctive TCI subscale profiles as shown in previous studies. Conclusion The current study showed the organized subscale structure and clinical validity of rSPQ for Yin-Yang personality, and it would provide foundation for East-West cross-cultural psychology and integrative medicine.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Yin-Yang personality from biopsychological perspective using revised Sasang Personality Questionnaire

Chae

Cho

Lee

2021

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“…Poby was expected to be Tae-Eum type for his high BMI (41.10 ± 4.26); however, he would rather be So-Eum type in personality based from his low SPQ score (22.31 ± 3.48) even considering his age 56 . He cautiously helps his friends with their problems, and his calm, gentle, thoughtful, and considerate personality made people think of him as Phlegmatic 35 and Helper (Second type, according to Enneagram) 30, 37.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…He might be considered to have So-Yang type of personality; however, the psychological traits measured with SPQ score (30.00 ± 6.16) were quite that of the Tae-Eum type. We suppose this discrepancy might come from the fact that viewers recognized him as a healthy 3-year-old boy communicating with “Crong, Crong” sounds only for verbal communication, although the researchers have only focused on his childish and immature behaviors, and then tried to consider it as problem behaviors of So-Yang Sasang type 47, 56…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of seven animation characters in Pororo the Little Penguin with Sasang typology

Yoon

Hwang

Lee

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAnimation characters are created to embody distinctive personalities and body images; however, these features have not been analyzed with objective measures based on East Asian theory. The purpose of this study was to analyze the biopsychological features of seven animation characters in Pororo the Little Penguin, which scored unprecedented success in Korea, with clinically validated and standardized measures of Sasang typology.MethodsForty-one graduate students completed a survey examining body mass index (BMI) and Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) of seven characters in Pororo the Little Penguin after watching three selected episodes. The differences in physical appearance and psychological traits among animation characters were analyzed with analysis of variance.ResultsSPQ and BMI showed distinctive biopsychological features of seven animation characters. Pororo (28.29 ± 6.38 and 36.61 ± 3.09) was a typical So-Yang type boy, Petty (20.98 ± 4.07 and 31.66 ± 4.59) was a typical So-Yang type girl, and Loopy (28.05 ± 6.60 and 22.78 ± 4.78) was a typical So-Eum type girl in terms of BMI and SPQ, respectively. The BMI and SPQ of Poby (41.10 ± 4.26 and 22.32 ± 3.48) and Harry (19.63 ± 5.17 and 37.61 ± 2.40) showed the most obvious contrast.ConclusionThis study showed that SPQ and BMI are useful objective measures for analyzing the biopsychosocial features of animation characters as well as patients. The interdisciplinary research methodology of Sasang typology suggested here would provide useful tools for educating healthcare professionals and the general public about Korean medicine, and also contribute to the development of animation characters.

“…The SPQ is a clinical instrument for Yin-Yang temperament with proven validity in adults of 20s-70s, 2 , 9 , 14 high school students, 18 , 19 middle school students 7 , 17 and elementary school students. 20 Though previous studies 9 , 21 have showed acceptable test-retest validity of SPQ with limited number of medical students and others, however, this study provided generalizable stability with large sample sized university students in Busan metropolitan area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SPQ was reported to have reliable psychobiological structure when compared with well-established western personality tests of Temperament and Character Inventory and NEO Personality Inventory, 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 and satisfactory clinical validity in adults, 9 , 14 , 15 , 16 adolescents 7 , 17 , 18 , 19 and elementary students. 20 The SPQ-Behavior was reported to be related with vitality 15 and the SPQ-Emotionality was shown to predict psychopathological features in adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of Yin-Yang temperament in Sasang Personality Questionnaire

Hwang

Yoon

Han

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe Yin-Yang is a pivotal concept of traditional East-Asian medicine, however the stability of Yin-Yang temperament in Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) over time has not been extensively studied. The purpose of this study was to examine the test-retest validity of SPQ with a large number of participants.MethodsSPQ test was conducted two times with three months interval in 247 Korean university students. The structural validity of first SPQ data was examined with Factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha, and the correlation between first and second measure of SPQ was attested with Pearson's correlation. Yang, Uncertain and Yin temperament groups were determined with SPQ total scores, and agreement of temperament group clustering between first and second measures were analyzed with Cohen's Kappa.ResultsThree subscales of SPQ explained 55.25% of total variances, and internal consistency of SPQ total score was 0.772. The correlation coefficient between first and second measures of SPQ were 0.851 and 0.888 in male and female, respectively, and the agreement of first and second Yin-Yang temperament group clustering as Cohen's Kappa was 0.536 for male and 0.637 for female.ConclusionThe repeatability of SPQ measuring Yin-Yang temperament at three months of interval was found to be satisfactory. The SPQ would be a reliable clinical measure for the biopsychological studies of traditional East-Asian medicine.