Bioproduction of ribavirin by green microbial biotransformation

Thermodynamic modelling of solubility and preferential solvation for ribavirin (II) in co-solvent mixtures of (methanol, n -propanol, acetonitrile or 1,4-dioxane) + water

“…This iteration is done by replacing dx 1,3 and V cor in the Eqs. (15), (16) and (19) to recalculate x L 1;3 until a non-variant value of V cor is acquired. The obtained values of correlation volume V cor and dx 1,3 are listed in Tables S12-S15 of Supplementary material for {methanol (1) + water (2)}, {n-propanol (1) + water (2)}, {acetonitrile (1) + water (2)} and {1,4-dioxane (1) + water (2)} solvent mixtures, respectively.…”

“…Because of its activity against both RNA and DNA viruses [8], it is recommended for the treatment of some infectious disorders including herpes [9], respiratory syncytial viral disease, and acute respiratory infections caused by adenovirus [10]. At present, ribavirin is also part of a combination therapy for the treatment of hepatitis C [11][12][13][14][15][16] and Lassa fever [14,15]. Furthermore, it has been evaluated for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and as an anti-cancer drug with successful results for the treatment of leukemia and breast cancer [16][17][18].…”

“…At present, ribavirin is also part of a combination therapy for the treatment of hepatitis C [11][12][13][14][15][16] and Lassa fever [14,15]. Furthermore, it has been evaluated for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and as an anti-cancer drug with successful results for the treatment of leukemia and breast cancer [16][17][18]. Due to its good properties, ribavirin has been received great attention.…”

An Efficient Chemoenzymatic Process for Preparation of Ribavirin

“…Therefore, further efforts will be focused on the development of immobilized enzyme. Recently, Rivero et al reported successful immobilization of E. coli ATCC 12407 in agarose matrix [16]. Moreover, immobilization on fused silica Open Tubular Capillary [22], aldehyde-agarose [23], and MagReSyn epoxide microspheres [24,25], in calcium alginate, agar, and kcarrageenan matrix [18], was described in the literature.…”

“…All the methods for synthesis of Ribavirin available at the moment could be divided into chemical [4][5][6][7] and microbiological [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] approaches. Typical procedure for chemical synthesis includes condensation of the 1,2,3,5-tetra-O-acetyl--D-ribofuranose 1 with 1,2,4-triazolecarboxylic acid esters 2 followed by treatment of the resulting compound 3 with methanolic ammonia solution (Scheme 1).…”