Bioprocessed poultry by-product meals on growth, gut health and fatty acid synthesis of juvenile barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Bloch)

Abstract

Poultry by-product meal (PBM) has been utilised as a substitute of fishmeal (FM) in many aquaculture species. However, little information is known regarding the use of bioprocessed PBM (BPBM) in aquaculture production. This study was undertaken to investigate whether replacing FM with BPBM improved growth performance, gut morphology and fatty acid synthesis of juvenile barramundi, Lates calcarifer . The PBM was bioprocessed by baker yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisae and Lactobacillus casei . The BPBM was used to replace FM at 75% and 100% (75BPBM and 100BPBM) contrasting against unprocessed PBM (75PBM and 100PBM) at the same levels and FM based diets as the control. Juvenile barramundi with a mean initial weight of 3.78±0.16 g were stocked at a density of 20 fish per tank. After the 42 days of study, the final weight, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratios of fish fed 75PBM and 75BPBM were not significantly different from the control. However, 100% supplementation diets of 100PBM and 100BPBM resulted in reduced performance in all growth and feed variables except total feed intake and survival. The hind gut microvillus density was significantly higher (P<0.05) in fish fed 75BPBM, whereas the microvillus diameter remained unaffected with the other experimental diets when compared to the control. A reduction in eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids of fish muscles led to a lower Σn−3/Σn−6 ratio in all dietary groups when compared to the control. The percentage of Σn-3 PUFAs decreased in 100% FM replacement diets of 100PBM and 100BPBM, while Σn−6 PUFAs increased when both bioprocessed and unprocessed PBM protein was increased in the diets. Fish fed bioprocessed diets had higher fatty acid hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratios (HH), indicating improved suitability for human consumption.

Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. plantarum improve health status, modulate gut microbiota and innate immune response of marron (Cherax cainii)

“…The SEM and histology image revealed better morphology and orientation of gut and hepatopancreas in the probiotic fed marron than the control. The results is consistent and compatible with other previous studies that fed dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus bacteria including L. plantarum 46,47 . In crayfish, no published data are currently available, however, a previous study found that dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus pentosus in the commercial diet of shrimp protect the hepatopancreas from pathogen invasions 42 .…”

Impact of varied combinatorial mixture of non-fishmeal ingredients on growth, metabolism, immunity and gut microbiota of Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) fry

“…The impact of variation in the diet on the composition of gut microbiota is evident from the results of our study. The phyla composition of our control and experimental groups are in congruence with the results of Siddik et al 's study on effect of fish protein hydrolysate on juvenile barramundi 37 . Our observations show a 70:30 abundance ratio of Vibrio: Psychrobacter in the FM100 fed fish, while the FM50 and FM25 diets are seen to transform this ratio to 10:90, increasing the abundance of Psychrobacter.…”

“…The present study assessed the impact of four experimental diets customised by systematic inclusion of four FM substitutes-lupin kernel meal, BSF meal, TH and PBM on growth, metabolism, immunity and gut microflora of L. calcarifer juveniles. The raw ingredients chosen for this study have been studied earlier individually or in dual combination and have shown significant potential for inclusion in juvenile barramundi diet [36][37][38] . Upto 45% replacement of fish meal protein could be replaced by lupin meal without compromising growth and protein metabolism parameters 39 .…”

“…Recently, Zheng et al, published a study on the effect of rearing salinity on diversity of gut microbiota of barramundi, reporting Proteobacteria and Firmicutes as the most abundant phyla 50 . These two phyla along with Actinobacteria dominate the gut microbial population of fish, with variations in relative compositions 37 . The impact of variation in the diet on the composition of gut microbiota is evident from the results of our study.…”

Fermented Animal Source Protein as Substitution of Fishmeal on Intestinal Microbiota, Immune-Related Cytokines and Resistance to Vibrio mimicus in Freshwater Crayfish (Cherax cainii)

“…Ltd., Western Australia and ground into a fine powder of less than100-mesh particle size. The raw PBM was fermented by Baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus casei following a technique described in our earlier study (Siddik et al, 2019a). The amino acid compositions of raw and fermented poultry by-product meal (FPBM) are presented in Table 1.…”