Bioprocess Optimization for the Production of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis Biomass Enriched in the Enzyme Alkaline Phosphatase

Abstract

The enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is gaining interest because it exerts bioactive properties and may be a potentially important therapeutic agent for many disorders and diseases. Microalgae are considered an important novel source for the production of diverse bio-compounds and are gaining momentum as functional foods/feeds supplements. So far, studies for the production of ALP are limited to mammalian and partly to some heterotrophic microbial sources after its extraction and/or purification. Methods: Arthrospira was cultivated under P-limitation bioprocess and the effect of the P-limitation degree on the ALP enrichment was studied. The aim of this work was to optimize the cultivation of the edible and generally-recognized-as-safe (GRAS) cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis for the production of single-cell (SC) biomass enriched in ALP as a potential novel functional diet supplement. Results: The results revealed that the relationship between intracellular-P and single-cell alkaline phosphatase (SC-ALP) activity was inverse; SC-ALP activity was the highest (around 50 U g−1) when intracellular-P was the lowest possible (around 1.7 mg-P g−1) and decreased gradually as P availability increased reaching around 0.5 U g−1 in the control cultures. Under the strongest P-limited conditions, a more than 100-fold increase in SC-ALP activity was obtained; however, protein content of A. platensis decreased significantly (around 22–23% from 58%). Under a moderate P-limitation degree (at intracellular-P of 3.6 mg-P g−1), there was a relatively high SC-ALP activity (>28 U g−1) while simultaneously, a relative high protein content (46%) was attained, which reflects the possibility to produce A. platensis enriched in ALP retaining though its nutritional value as a protein rich biomass source. The paper presents also results on how several parameters of the ALP activity assay, such as pH, temperature etc., and post-harvest treatment (hydrothermal treatment and biomass drying), influence the SC-ALP activity.

Assessment of Testosterone Levels, Kidney Function and Alkaline Phosphatase in Patients with Benign Prostatic Enlargement in Kirkuk City/Iraq

“…Research has provided convincing evidence that this increase is caused by the increase in the syntax of the bile hepatic enzyme. The increase in hepatic enzyme activity corresponds to directly With the high activity of Alp in the serum, this is primarily due to an increase in the translation of the MRNA of the alp-A process, which is easy to increase the concentration of bile acid and increase the alp secretion in the serum by leaking the channel to the hepatic sinuses [27]. The levels of this enzyme increase during the aging stage with a noticeable difference in the distribution between the sexes and the reasons behind these fluctuations are still unknown Studies indicate a positive relationship between body weight and smoking, while there is an inverse relationship with height [28].…”