Bioprocess engineering of cell and tissue cultures for marine seaweeds

Microalgae-Based Systems for Carbon Dioxide Sequestration and Industrial Biorefineries

“…Carbon dioxide transfer in bioreactors becomes a limiting factor in the processes, since the dissolved carbon dioxide concentration decreases with increase in temperature and also with an increase in the concentration of dissolved salts. This factor is relevant in processes for the transfer and removal of CO 2 by microalgae, suggesting the need for higher values of saturation concentration (Rorrer & Cheney, 2004).…”

“…The use of photobioreactors to cultivate microalgae requires the presence of light, carbon dioxide and dissolved nutrients for growth of the microorganism. Consequently, these processes require systems for illumination, gas exchange (addition of CO 2 and removal of O 2 ), the addition of nutrients and temperature control (Rorrer & Cheney, 2004). Photosynthetic microorganisms can be cultivated in open or closed photobioreactors.…”

Advances in genetic engineering of marine algae

“…Applied phycologists have generally distinguished between open ponds and closed photobioreactors, where the latter implies that light does not impinge directly on the culture's surface and that there is no direct contact between the culture and the atmosphere (Tredici, 2007) for growing microalgae and the micro-generation or cells of macroalgae (Rorrer and Cheney, 2004). Open ponds, commonly used for ultra thin-layered cascade systems, are extensively used in algal biotechnology applications, including the raceways, sloping and cascade systems (Grobbelaar et al, 1995).…”

Avaliação do potencial biotecnológico de macroalgas marinhas

“…As algas requerem para o seu crescimento luz, CO 2 e nutrientes dissolvidos (N, P, metais traços e vitaminas) (Rorrer & Cheney, 2004). Os sistemas de cultivo devem simular as condições ambientais de modo a permitir o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das algas marinhas.…”

“…O cultivo em áreas abertas é mais apropriado para a obtenção de grande biomassa, sendo que a escolha do local de cultivo é fundamental e depende da espécie que será cultivada. O cultivo em laboratório e em biorreatores são os sistemas mais adequados para a obtenção do crescimento em condições de iluminação, trocas gasosas, nutrientes e temperaturas controladas (Rorrer & Cheney, 2004), sendo interessantes para a escala experimental, uma vez que possibilitam total controle dos parâmetros ambientais.…”