Bioprobe-conjugate polymeric micro/nanoparticles as detection tools for infectious diseases

Polymeric Nanoparticle Based Diagnosis and Nanomedicine for Treatment and Development of Vaccines for Cerebral Malaria: A Review on Recent Advancement

“…In the case of vaccine development for the management of cerebral malaria, polymeric nanoparticles could play a significant role and can help to deliver antigen, genes, or DNA molecules efficiently, but unfortunately polymers are not proficiently utilized in this field. ,, However, in severe malaria cases or in malaria endemic areas intravenous administration of vaccine will be the best option. Other possibilities to prevent malaria infection are increasing the use of mosquito nets and the availability of rapid diagnostic tools specifically in malaria endemic areas. , Although a huge number of patents have been filed (see Table ) across all parts of the globe, to date no vaccine is available commercially. Recently, numerous immune informatics (integration of computational approaches with experimental immunology to develop algorithms) approaches have been used to predict the immunogenicity of the malaria antigens and also to design antigen epitopes and multiple subunit vaccines against malaria. , These approaches are mainly based on amino acid sequence or on the protein structure level .…”

“…Other possibilities to prevent malaria infection are increasing the use of mosquito nets and the availability of rapid diagnostic tools specifically in malaria endemic areas. 61,314 Although a huge number of patents have been filed (see Table 2) across all parts of the globe, to date no vaccine is available commercially. Recently, numerous immune informatics (integration of computational approaches with experimental immunology to develop algorithms) approaches have been used to predict the immunogenicity of the malaria antigens and also to design antigen epitopes and multiple subunit vaccines against malaria.…”

“…DIAGNOSTICS Polymeric nanoparticles used for diagnostics should meet some basic requirements like (i) narrow size distribution for homogeneous behavior, (ii) stability at required pH, temperature, and ionic strength, and (iii) activity retention of immobilized bioprobes. 61 For detection of malaria, a number of diagnostic tools are available; however, each diagnostic strategy has its own advantages and disadvantages. Significant diagnostic strategies mainly depend upon innovative and effective ideas to diagnose the disease.…”