Biopolymer functionalized reduced graphene oxide with enhanced biocompatibility via mussel inspired coatings/anchors

Cheng, Chong; Nie, Shengqiang; Li, Shuang; Peng, Hong; Yang, Hang; Ma, Lang; Sun, Shudong; Zhao, Changsheng

doi:10.1039/c2tb00025c

Cited by 241 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Our studies are consistent with previous reports demonstrating that biopolymer-functionalized rGO exhibits an ultralow hemolysis ratio and significant cytocompatibility in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, even at a high concentration of 100 μg/mL. 29,41 Altogether, these data suggest that graphene can be intrinsically nontoxic, with its toxicity potential only appearing after chemical treatment or increased concentration, incubation time, or size. Besides these factors, surface functionalization is an alternative and suitable approach to improve the biocompatibility of nanomaterials for safer biomedical applications.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…No toxicity was observed when cells were exposed to doses 100 μg/mL of functionalized rGO. 41 The water-soluble oxidized graphene nanoribbons mixed with PEG-DSPE (1,2-distearoylsn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyeth ylene glycol)]) showed significantly different cytotoxic profile compared to graphene nanoparticles. 42 The effects of various two-dimensional graphene nanostructures such as graphene nano-onions, graphene oxide nanoribbons, and graphene oxide nanoplatelets on cell viability and differentiation were evaluated with human mesenchymal stem cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biofabrication of a novel biomolecule-assisted reduced graphene oxide: an excellent biocompatible nanomaterial

Zhang

Gurunathan

2016

IJN

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofabrication of a novel biomolecule-assisted reduced graphene oxide: an excellent biocompatible nanomaterial

Zhang

Gurunathan

2016

IJN

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“…The biopolymer functionalized rGO exhibits an ultralow hemolysis ratio and good cytocompatibility in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), even at a high concentration of 100 µg/ mL. 67 they exhibited excellent in vitro cytocompatibility within a concentration of 100µg/mL, especially for CS-GO-HA.…”

Section: The Effect Of Lower Concentrations Of Tea-rgo On Proliferatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Green chemistry approach for the synthesis of biocompatible graphene

Gurunathan¹,

Han²,

Kim³

2013

IJN

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Background: Graphene is a single-atom thick, two-dimensional sheet of hexagonally arranged carbon atoms isolated from its three-dimensional parent material, graphite. One of the most common methods for preparation of graphene is chemical exfoliation of graphite using powerful oxidizing agents. Generally, graphene is synthesized through deoxygenation of graphene oxide (GO) by using hydrazine, which is one of the most widespread and strongest reducing agents. Due to the high toxicity of hydrazine, it is not a promising reducing agent in large-scale production of graphene; therefore, this study focused on a green or sustainable synthesis of graphene and the biocompatibility of graphene in primary mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (PMEFs). Methods:Here, we demonstrated a simple, rapid, and green chemistry approach for the synthesis of reduced GO (rGO) from GO using triethylamine (TEA) as a reducing agent and stabilizing agent. The obtained TEA reduced GO (TEA-rGO) was characterized by ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results: The transition of graphene oxide to graphene was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy. XRD and SEM were used to investigate the crystallinity of graphene and the surface morphologies of prepared graphene respectively. The formation of defects further supports the functionalization of graphene as indicated in the Raman spectrum of TEA-rGO. Surface morphology and the thickness of the GO and TEA-rGO were analyzed using AFM. The presented results suggest that TEA-rGO shows significantly more biocompatibility with PMEFs cells than GO. Conclusion: This is the first report about using TEA as a reducing as well as a stabilizing agent for the preparation of biocompatible graphene. The proposed safe and green method offers substitute routes for large-scale production of graphene for several biomedical applications.

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“…Cheng et al 31 observed that biopolymer functionalized rGO exhibits an ultralow hemolysis ratio and good compatibility in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, even at a high concentration of 100 µg/mL. Heparinfunctionalized rGO has been shown to have good stability in aqueous solution, owing to the strong electrostatic and steric repulsions of the heparin, which adsorb on the surfaces of rGO sheets.…”

Section: Cell Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, as many of the currently available methods for producing graphene are not environmentally friendly, complicated, and require additional steps in the preparation process that restrict their applications in biological and biomedical fields, 31 we developed a novel, cost-effective, simple, environmentally friendly approach to produce water-soluble graphene. Further, we examined the toxicity of the biologically reduced graphene oxide (B-rGO) in MCF-7 cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green synthesis of graphene and its cytotoxic effects in human breast cancer cells

Gurunathan¹,

Han²,

Eppakayala³

et al. 2013

IJN

181

169

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Background: This paper describes an environmentally friendly ("green") approach for the synthesis of soluble graphene using Bacillus marisflavi biomass as a reducing and stabilizing agent under mild conditions in aqueous solution. In addition, the study reported here investigated the cytotoxicity effects of graphene oxide (GO) and bacterially reduced graphene oxide (B-rGO) on the inhibition of cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and membrane integrity in human breast cancer cells. Methods: The reduction of GO was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Size distribution was analyzed by dynamic light scattering. Further, X-ray diffraction and highresolution scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the crystallinity of graphene and the morphologies of prepared graphene, respectively. The formation of defects further supports the bio-functionalization of graphene, as indicated in the Raman spectrum of B-rGO. Surface morphology and the thickness of the GO and B-rGO were analyzed using atomic force microscopy, while the biocompatibility of GO and B-rGO were investigated using WST-8 assays on MCF-7 cells. Finally, cellular toxicity was evaluated by ROS generation and membrane integrity assays. Results:In this study, we demonstrated an environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and simple method for the preparation of water-soluble graphene using bacterial biomass. This reduction method avoids the use of toxic reagents such as hydrazine and hydrazine hydrate. The synthesized soluble graphene was confirmed using various analytical techniques. Our results suggest that both GO and B-rGO exhibit toxicity to MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with a dose . 60 µg/mL exhibiting obvious cytotoxicity effects, such as decreasing cell viability, increasing ROS generation, and releasing of lactate dehydrogenase. Conclusion: We developed a green and a simple approach to produce graphene using bacterial biomass as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The proposed approach confers B-rGO with great potential for various biological and biomedical applications.

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Biopolymer functionalized reduced graphene oxide with enhanced biocompatibility via mussel inspired coatings/anchors

Cited by 241 publications

References 53 publications

Biofabrication of a novel biomolecule-assisted reduced graphene oxide: an excellent biocompatible nanomaterial

Biofabrication of a novel biomolecule-assisted reduced graphene oxide: an excellent biocompatible nanomaterial

Green chemistry approach for the synthesis of biocompatible graphene

Green synthesis of graphene and its cytotoxic effects in human breast cancer cells

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