Biophysical Studies on the Correction of Uremic Human Serum Albumin Binding Defects by In Vitro Charcoal Adsorption Treatment

Vg, Nikolaev; Sarnatskaya, V. V.; Appen, K. von; Ivanov, Andrey; Rotellar, E.; Haspar, M.; Klinkmann, H

doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.1996.tb04413.x

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In the case of AC1 administration (group 2) there was a tendency toward the appearance of the thermodenaturation maximum within 62-63 C, while in the case of AC2 administration (group 3) there were a distinct maximum at 62.4 C and a qualitative change in the shape of melting thermogram similar to that of intact animals (group 4). As a result of such type of serum "cleansing" under the influence of AC2 administered into gastro-intestinal tract, albumin molecules can gradually recover their native conformation [35].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of two formulations of carbon enterosorbents on oxidative stress indexes and molecular conformation of serum albumin in experimental animals exposed to CCl4

Sarnatskaya

Mikhailenko

Prokopenko

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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The liver failure means inability to perform its normal synthetic, biotransformation and excretory functions. The disturbance of metabolic processes leads to the development of "metabolic endogenous intoxication" resulting in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress initiates the processes of oxidation of amino acid residues of blood plasma proteins causing the changes in their structure and functions. The effect of administration of highly activated porous carbonic enterosorbents on oxidative stress manifestations and molecular conformation of serum albumin in blood of experimental animals with acute liver failure induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) needs to be investigated. Two forms of activated carbonic enterosorbents such as AC1 (primary beads with the range of diameters of 125-250 μm) and AC2 (secondary granules prepared from micronized AC1 having the mean particle size of~1 μm) derived from phenol-formaldehyde resin were used in rat model with CCl 4 intoxication. The total level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in blood plasma, the activity of catalase (CAT) in blood hemolysates; the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in liver homogenates, and the level of oxidative modification of proteins (OMP) such as aldehyde-dinitrophenylhydrazone (A-DNPH) and ketone-dinitrophenylhydrazone (K-DNPH) derivatives in blood plasma and liver homogenates were determined. In addition, the level of pro/antioxidant ratio in blood hemolysates and the content of lipid peroxidation product-malondialdehyde (MDA), in blood plasma and liver were determined. Melting thermograms of blood plasma proteins (BPP) and molecular conformation changes of serum albumin were analyzed by biophysical methods (differential scanning microcalorimetry and spectrofluorimetry). The extent of CCl 4-induced oxidative damage in blood and liver of experimental animals was shown to be less expressed for AC1 in comparison with AC2 enterosorbent. However, AC2 used in the form of secondary granules positively influenced some biophysical properties of albumin molecule (temperature of melting, shape of melting endotherm and intrinsic fluorescence) after rats exposure to CCl 4. In general, administration of both AC1 and AC2 led to the reduction of oxidative stress manifestations and partial restoration of native molecular conformation of serum albumin. These observations are promising in terms of achieving recovery of detoxification potential of organism after severe liver injury.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of two formulations of carbon enterosorbents on oxidative stress indexes and molecular conformation of serum albumin in experimental animals exposed to CCl4

Sarnatskaya

Mikhailenko

Prokopenko

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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“…2d). This is mirrored by a shift to the left of the thermograms with a simultaneous decrease of T 1 , T 2 and an increase in the ratio ΔH 1 /ΔH 2 which occurs after extraction of the bound ligands [4]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acidification to pH 3 and then extraction with activated charcoal [13]has been the most studied method [14, 15, 16, 17]and this can restore the binding to normal, at least in quantitative terms. The qualitative nature of albumin after such restoration of binding has, however, received little attention although recent investigations with microcalorimetry have revealed changes in albumin conformation [4]. The use of a pH as low as 3 for extraction is not a practical therapeutic proposition at present and furthermore, this pH leads to an irreversible change in the native protein pattern of blood [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extraction of Uraemic Toxins with Activated Carbon Restores the Functional Properties of Albumin

et al. 2003

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Background: Previous work has demonstrated that a partial normalization of the conformation of albumin from uraemic plasma and a substantial restoration of its binding abilities can be achieved by extraction with activated charcoal. This is best achieved at pH 3, but exposure of whole plasma to this low pH leads to the loss of some essential components. Methods: The melting curves and ligand-binding abilities of uraemic albumin have been investigated after extraction with a new generation of activated carbon at three pH values (7.2, 3.0 and 5.08). Results: Albumin isolated from uraemic plasma had a characteristically increased melting temperature because of bound ligands. Extraction of uraemic plasma at pH 7.2, 5.08 and 3.0 induced low-temperature shifts of albumin thermo-adsorption maximum T₁ of 1.4, 3.8, 2.4°C and T₂ of 0.8, 3.9 and 1.2°C, respectively. Flow microcalorimetry data demonstrated a decrease in the ability of uraemic albumin to bind octanoate, phenol red, salicylic acid, warfarin and diazepam. Purification of uraemic plasma at pH 5.08 completely restored the binding affinity of albumin for all the marker ligands. Conclusions: Highly efficient activated carbons, with clinically feasible acidification of plasma, can remove strongly albumin-bound uraemic toxins. Investigation of the melting curve of the isolated albumin is a new biophysical way to monitor both its molecular condition and the extent of removal of protein-bound toxins by dialysis. The melting curve provides new qualitative and quantitative information about albumin in an analogous way to an electrocardiogram and the heart.

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“…Recent investigations do reveal changes in conformation, binding, function, and ligand loading of uremic albumin in patients with end-stage renal disease. After treatment with charcoal adsorption, the enthalpies and tryptophan fluorescence of uremic serum approached those of normal serum [32]. Other amino acids such as histidine, which is treated as an essential amino acid in renal failure, could also be implicated.…”

Section: Physiological and Clinical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edema, Oncotic Pressure, and Free Entropy: Novel Considerations for the Treatment of Edema through Attention to Thermodynamics

Diskin¹,

Gupta

Ravis³

et al. 1998

Nephron

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Over 170 years after Richard Bright and a century after Ernest H. Starling, the development, location, and severity of edema in patients with renal impairment continue to baffle the predictions of most nephrologists. While much of the phenomenon can be explained by levels of serum proteins, or hydrostatic pressures, there are stunning exceptions well known to any practicing nephrologist. Some of the derangement is undoubtedly due to unmeasured but well-known variables, such as membrane permeability; however, other factors such as free entropy of plasma are also clearly involved. The study of other polyelectrolyte colloids, similar to plasma proteins, for industrial purposes has led to the identification of various phenomena such as counterion condensation that can result in loss of entropy and consequently osmotic pressure. Variables known to result in a loss of free entropy, such as pH, oxidation products and ligand binding, are discussed. Older equations developed by van’t Hoff and Donnan might require replacement by newer mathematical models such as the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation or the Monte Carlo simulator. Attempts to restore free entropy to plasma would be a more physiological treatment of edema than diuretic use. Implications are noted for future drug development to treat edema.

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Biophysical Studies on the Correction of Uremic Human Serum Albumin Binding Defects by In Vitro Charcoal Adsorption Treatment

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

The effect of two formulations of carbon enterosorbents on oxidative stress indexes and molecular conformation of serum albumin in experimental animals exposed to CCl4

The effect of two formulations of carbon enterosorbents on oxidative stress indexes and molecular conformation of serum albumin in experimental animals exposed to CCl4

Extraction of Uraemic Toxins with Activated Carbon Restores the Functional Properties of Albumin

Edema, Oncotic Pressure, and Free Entropy: Novel Considerations for the Treatment of Edema through Attention to Thermodynamics

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