“…We used relatively low-frequency,t hatis, severaltens of kHz, ultrasound,partlysothatwe cans et thee xperimentalc onditionsi nawell-controlled manner to evaluate non-thermale ffects.L ow-frequencyu ltrasoundh as been appliedt ol ithotripsy,p hacoemulsification,u ltrasound-assisted liposuction, tissue cuttinga nd vessel sealing, ands kin permeabilization. [4,[15][16][17][18] In thesea pplications, then on-thermal effect,t hati s, cavitation effect,p lays them ajor role.A lthough severalp reviousp apersh aved iscussed thec avitation effect on DNA molecules, [19][20][21][22][23][24] there have been few studies on the quantitative evaluation of damage to "genome-sized"D NA molecules. It is important to unveil the effects of ultrasound from the standpoints of both safety and basic science.…”