Biophysical and in vitro wound healing assessment of collagen peptides processed from fish skin waste

Abstract

The present study was conducted to examine the bioactive and wound healing properties of collagen hydrolysate derived from Piaractus brachypomus (pacu) fish skin waste. Collagen type I (P coll.) yielding 72.25% was isolated from skin waste by following acid-soluble collagen extraction method. Further, collagen was fragmented using bacterial collagenase and the processed collagen hydrolysate (peptides) was in the range of 10–15 kDa that was further purified using ion-exchange chromatography. The FTIR spectra of both P coll. and collagen hydrolysate (PSCH) were nearly similar showing that PSCH retained the structural and chemical composition similar to its parent molecule (P coll.). Solubility analysis revealed that PSCH has slightly better solubility compared to P coll. Similarly, scanning electron micrographs also exhibited more uniform and porous microstructure of PSCH compared to P coll. Further, PSCH was found to be efficient in peroxide quenching (64.5%) and radical scavenging activities (85.74%). MTT studies confirmed PSCH to be non-toxic displaying 84.68% cell viability at the highest concentration (3 mg/ml) and hemocompatibility test revealed PSCH to be non-hemolytic with minimal lysis of only 2.1% of human RBCs. In addition, PSCH also displayed a remarkable wound closure ability of more than 80% at 12 h and 100% within 24 h. Hence, these findings suggest that recycled PSCH has potent wound healing ability and can be produced economically on a large scale for possible biological applications in regenerative medicine.

Green Extraction and Preliminary Biological Activity of Hydrolyzed Collagen Peptides (HCPs) Obtained from Whole Undersized Unwanted Catches (Mugil cephalus L.)

“…The ponderal yields of the HCP extracts, both <3 KDa (P1 and P2) and >3 KDa (S1 and S2), expressed both as HCPs/total freeze-dried sample weight and as HCPs/total freeze-dried protein weight, were reported in Table 3. Concerning the HCPs < 3 KDa (P1 and P2), the results show that the higher yield of extraction, expressed as the HCPs with respect to the total protein content (dry weight), was obtained starting from F2 sample (P2), containing skin, fins and tails, which represents the common discarded parts usually exploited as starting material for the collagen recovery [28,34,35]. P1, obtained originally from whole fish, gave similar results to P2, suggesting that the whole fish, as an example of unwanted catches, even when not previously sorted, could be a promising source of HCPs, such as the parts usually separated in filleting processes (F2).…”