Biopharmaceutical Aspects

Eckert, H; Kiechel, J. R.; Rosenthaler, J.; Schmidt, R.; Schreier, E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-66775-6_11

Cited by 34 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…in solid form, either as tablets or mixed with the food. Orally administered ergot peptide alkaloids such as bromocriptine undergo extensive ''first pass" (presystemic) metabolic breakdown (Eckert et al, 1978). The absorbed dose might therefore be uncertain, particularly if the drug is mixed in the food.…”

Section: Dose and Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The drug is excreted mainly in the bile and faeces, with less than 10% of an administered dose appearing in the urine (Eckert, Kiechel,Rosenthaler,Schmidt,&Schreier, 1978). Radioimmunoassay studies have shown that an oral dose of bromocriptine reaches its maximum concentration in the blood plasma 1-2 hr after administration in man (Schran, Schwarz, Talbot, & Loeffler, 1979) and shows its maximum inhibitory effect on prolactin concentration soon after this (Silvestrini, Liuzzi, & Chiodini, 1978).…”

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confidence: 97%

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The lactation–blocking drug bromocriptine and its application to studies of weaning and behavioral development

Martin

Bateson

1982

Developmental Psychobiology

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An experimental method for blocking maternal lactation is reviewed and the possible application of this technique for experimentally manipulating weaning is considered. Maternal milk production can be inhibited using the prolactin-suppressing drug bromocriptine. The suitability of bromocriptine for use in behavioural experiments is considered. The pharmacology of bromocriptine (CB 154) is briefly outlined and a compilation of the reported lactation-inhibiting doses for various species is presented. The possible endocrine and behavioral side-effects and the toxicity of the drug are discussed. It is concluded that, in most species studied so far, the drug is relatively free from significant side-effects at the low doses needed to suppress lactation. Guidelines for the practical use of bromocriptine are suggested. Finally, some ideas about the possible application of the drug to the study of behavioral development and parent-offspring relationships are discussed.

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Section: Dose and Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

The lactation–blocking drug bromocriptine and its application to studies of weaning and behavioral development

Martin

Bateson

1982

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…These findings suggest that the small intestine may play an important role in ergovaline absorption. Ergot-alkaloid absorption has been studied in the intestines of monogastrics (reviewed by Eckert et al 1978) and these studies have been conducted predominantly with radiolabelled ergotamine (Meszaros et al 1975). Toxin-absorption models for ergovaline in the small intestine of ruminants are non-existent.…”

Section: Ergovaline Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because ergot alkaloids such as ergovaline have the ability to bind to serotonergic, adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors (Eckert et al 1978), the physiologic effects that these compounds can elicit are diverse. This, coupled with their ability to assume multiple roles as an agonist, partial agonist and antagonist, may cause several disruptions that manifest as decreases in serum prolactin, vasoconstriction, effects on gastrointestinal activity, and endocrine effects that cause decreases in reproductive performance.…”

Section: Effects Of Ergovalinementioning

confidence: 99%

Ergovaline, an endophytic alkaloid. 1. Animal physiology and metabolism

Klotz

Nicol

2016

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Abstract. Ergovaline is an ergot alkaloid found in some endophyte-infected ryegrasses and it has been implicated in the expression of ergotism-like symptoms of grazing livestock, as well as in the protection of the plant against invertebrate predation and abiotic stresses. These selection pressures have resulted in a conflict between the needs of the pasture for persistence and the needs of the animal for production. Ergovaline has not been well studied in terms of animal physiology until recently. There are several putative mechanisms that limit the bioavailability of ergovaline, ranging from microbial biotransformation to post-absorptive hepatic detoxification. Although there are mechanisms that protect the animal from ergovaline exposure, tissues are very sensitive to ergovaline, indicating that ergovaline is very potent and that small quantities have the potential to cause noticeable physiological effects. The range of physiological effects, including decreased circulating prolactin, vasoconstriction and increased susceptibility to heat stress are all linked to the interaction of ergovaline with biogenic amine receptors found throughout the body. This review will focus on understanding the variation of ergovaline concentration in terms of bioavailability, the myriad of hurdles a molecule of ergovaline must overcome to cause an effect, what the ergovaline-induced effects are in New Zealand livestock and how this relates to the potency of ergovaline.

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“…Ergot alkaloids are absorbed in the gastrointestinal epithelia through either passive or active/facilitated diffusion (Strickland et al, 2011). Ergopeptine alkaloids are acidic, creating the assumption that they would not be absorbed via the abomasum (Eckert et al, 1978) and would be limited to absorption within the small intestine in non-ruminants (Rothlin, 1933) and the fore stomach and intestine in ruminants (Hill et al, 2001). Because the environment within the rumen and intestines are not acidic, they do not possess a mucosal layer, allowing absorption of ergopeptine alkaloids to occur across the gastrointestinal epithelia via the lymphatic system (Eckert et al, 1978).…”

Section: Ergot Alkaloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal and Pasture Responses to Grazing Management of Chemically Suppressed Tall Fescue in Mixed Pastures

Williamson

Aiken

Flynn³

et al. 2016

Crop Science

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Treatment of toxic endophyte‐infected tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh] with metsulfuran‐methyl {Methyl 2‐[[[[(4‐methoxyl‐6‐methyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl] benzoate}, as delivered by Chaparral herbicide (Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN) can mitigate fescue toxicosis and enhance forage nutritive value by suppressing seedhead emergence. A grazing experiment was conducted with steers (2013) and heifers (2014) to evaluate animal and plant responses to grazing management of mixed cool‐season grass pastures treated with Chaparral. Continuous and rotational stocking treatments were assigned to six, 3.0‐ha pastures in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2013 and two replications in 2014. Each pasture had six tester animals, and stocking rates were varied using put‐and‐take animals. Pastures were grazed from 16 April to 8 July 2013 and 20 May to 12 Aug. 2014. Pasture carrying capacity was 20% greater for rotational than continuous stocking. Calves on rotationally stocked pastures also had 26% greater average daily gain (ADG) and body weight (BW) gain per hectare than those on the continuous treatment. Pre‐grazed herbage had less neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) than post‐grazed herbage and herbage from continuously stocked pastures in 2013, but they did not differ in 2014. Crude protein (CP) was lower in post‐graze rotational pasture than in continuous or pre‐graze rotational pasture. Fescue roots in rotationally stocked pastures had greater water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and N concentrations than continuously stocked pastures following the second year of grazing. Results indicated that rotational stocking of Chaparral treated mixed pastures can improve animal performance and pasture productivity.

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Biopharmaceutical Aspects

Cited by 34 publications

References 99 publications

The lactation–blocking drug bromocriptine and its application to studies of weaning and behavioral development

The lactation–blocking drug bromocriptine and its application to studies of weaning and behavioral development

Ergovaline, an endophytic alkaloid. 1. Animal physiology and metabolism

Animal and Pasture Responses to Grazing Management of Chemically Suppressed Tall Fescue in Mixed Pastures

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