Bionomics and Spatial Distribution of Triatomine Vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi in Texas and Other Southern States, USA

Curtis‐Robles, Rachel; Hamer, Sarah A.; Lane, Sage; Levy, Michael Z.; Hamer, Gabriel L.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.17-0526

Cited by 67 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…(Kjos et al, 2008;Curtis-Robles et al, 2018a), with discrete typing units (DTU) TcI and TcIV most commonly represented (Roellig et al, 2013;Brenière et al, 2016;Curtis-Robles et al, 2018a). Although triatomines found in the United States are generally considered sylvatic, these vectors are regularly encountered in and around human dwellings (Kjos et al, 2008;Wozniak et al, 2015;Curtis-Robles et al, 2018b). Wildlife and domestic canines are infected with T. cruzi throughout Texas and across the southern United States (Beard et al, 2003;Kjos et al, 2008;Brown et al, 2010;Curtis-Robles et al, 2017;Hodo and Hamer, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Bacterial Gut Microbiome of North American Triatoma spp. With and Without Trypanosoma cruzi

et al. 2020

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Bacterial Gut Microbiome of North American Triatoma spp. With and Without Trypanosoma cruzi

et al. 2020

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“…Previous work has shown that vector distributions are influenced by climate, land cover 100 types and rural/urban classifications [19][20][21][22][23][24]. Environmental variables for these three 101 data types were obtained at a nominal resolution of 5 × 5 kilometres.…”

Section: Environmental Variables 99mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier studies [19,20,22,23,25], most notably [24], have modelled the distributions 279 of some of these species but only in specific regions, states or countries. Additionally, 280 comparisons with the previous work are limited because of differences in methodology, 281 data sets and spatial extent under consideration.…”

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Modelling geospatial distributions of the triatomine vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi in Latin America

Bender

Python

Lindsay

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Approximately 150 triatomine species are known to be infected with the Chagas parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, but they differ in the risk they pose to human populations. The largest risk comes from species that have a domestic life cycle and these species have been targeted by indoor residual spraying campaigns, which have been successful in many locations. It is now important to consider residual transmission that may be linked to persistent populations of dominant vectors, or to secondary or minor vectors. The aim of this project was to define the geographical distributions of the community of triatomine species in Latin America. Presence-only data with over 12, 000 observations of triatomine vectors were extracted from a public database and target-group background data were generated to account for sampling bias in the presence data. Geostatistical regression was then applied to estimate species distributions and fine-scale distribution maps were generated for thirty triatomine vector species. The results for Panstrongylus geniculatus, P. megistus, Triatoma barberi, T. brasiliensis, and T. pseudomaculata are presented in detail and the model validation results for each of the 30 species are presented in full. The predictive maps for all species are made publicly available so that they can be used to assess the communities of vectors present within different regions of the endemic zone. The maps are presented alongside key indicators for the capacity of each species to transmit T. cruzi to humans. These indicators include infection prevalence, evidence for human blood meals, and colonisation or invasion of homes. A summary of these indicators shows that the majority of the 30 species mapped by this study have the potential to transmit T. cruzi to humans. Author summaryThe Pan American Health Organisation's Strategy and Plan of Action for Chagas Disease Prevention, Control and Care highlights the importance of eliminating those triatomine vector species that colonise homes, and has had great success in many locations. Since indoor residual spraying campaigns have targeted these species, their importance relative to other vectors has diminished and their geographical distributions August 16, 2019 1/18 may also have changed. It is now vital to consider the full community of vector species, including previously dominant vectors as well as secondary or minor vector species, in order to target residual transmission to humans. Our aim was to define the geographical distributions of the most commonly reported triatomine species in Latin America. We extracted reports of triatomine vector species observed at specific locations from a public database and we used a geostatistical model to generate fine-scale predictive maps for thirty triatomine vector species. We present these maps alongside a summary of key indicators related to the capacity of each species to transmit the Chagas parasite to humans. We show that most of the 30 species that we have mapped pose a potential threat to human populations.

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“…cruzi is transmitted through the introduction of infected triatomine feces through the bite site or mucous membrane, or orally through ingestion of the triatomines or their feces. The most commonly encountered triatomine in south-central Texas is Triatoma gerstaeckeri [20][21][22]. T. gerstaeckeri is frequently found in and around dog kennels and other peridomestic structures and has shown high rates of infection with T. cruzi [14,20,22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most commonly encountered triatomine in south-central Texas is Triatoma gerstaeckeri [20][21][22]. T. gerstaeckeri is frequently found in and around dog kennels and other peridomestic structures and has shown high rates of infection with T. cruzi [14,20,22,23]. After an animal is exposed the trypomastigote invades the mammalian host cells [24], where T. cruzi has a tissue tropism for cardiomyocytes and skeletal muscle [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected cardiac abnormalities in Trypanosoma cruzi serologically positive, discordant, and negative working dogs along the Texas-Mexico border

et al. 2020

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Background: Chagas disease is increasingly recognized in the southern U.S., where triatomine vectors transmit Trypanosoma cruzi among wildlife and domestic dogs with occasional vector spillover to humans. As in humans, clinical outcome in dogs is variable, ranging from acute death to asymptomatic infections or chronic heart disease. In order to characterize cardiac manifestations of T. cruzi infections, we tracked a cohort of naturally-infected dogs and a matched cohort of uninfected dogs. We hypothesized that selected measures of cardiac disease (abnormal rate, abnormal rhythm, and elevated cardiac troponin I (cTnI; a biomarker of cardiac injury)) would occur more commonly in infected than uninfected dogs matched by age, breed, sex and location. In addition to the clearly positive and negative dogs, we specifically tracked dogs with discordant test results across three independent serological assays to gather clinical data that might elucidate the infection status of these animals and inform the utility of the different testing approaches. Results: We placed an ambulatory ECG monitor (Holter) on 48 government working dogs and analyzed 39 successful recordings that met length and quality criteria from 17 T. cruzi-infected, 18 uninfected dogs and 4 dogs with discordant results. Overall, 76.5% of positive, 100.0% of discordant, and 11.1% of negative dogs showed > 1 ECG abnormality (p < 0.0001), and positive and discordant dogs had a higher mean number of different types of ECG abnormalities than negative dogs (p < 0.001-0.014). The most common cardiac abnormalities included supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias and atrioventricular block. Positive dogs had higher serum concentrations of cTnI than both negative dogs (p = 0.044) and discordant dogs (p = 0.06). Based on dog handler reports, nearly all (4/5; 80%) dogs with reported performance decline or fatigue were T. cruzi-infected dogs.Conclusions: Further understanding cardiac manifestations in dogs naturally infected with T. cruzi is critical for prognostication, establishing a baseline for drug and vaccine studies, and better understanding of zoonotic risk.

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Bionomics and Spatial Distribution of Triatomine Vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi in Texas and Other Southern States, USA

Cited by 67 publications

References 44 publications

Comparison of the Bacterial Gut Microbiome of North American Triatoma spp. With and Without Trypanosoma cruzi

Comparison of the Bacterial Gut Microbiome of North American Triatoma spp. With and Without Trypanosoma cruzi

Modelling geospatial distributions of the triatomine vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi in Latin America

Selected cardiac abnormalities in Trypanosoma cruzi serologically positive, discordant, and negative working dogs along the Texas-Mexico border

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