BION™ system for distributed neural prosthetic interfaces

Loeb, Gerald E.; Peck, R.A.; Moore, William; Hood, Kevin

doi:10.1016/s1350-4533(01)00011-x

Cited by 227 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, the extra space this will require is very disadvantageous. A second way would be to use multichannel systems formed from isolated single channels, as is the case for the BION [11,14]. This approach may be attractive when there are several widely-separated stimulation sites or for systems requiring only few channels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of multi-channel stimulation implants: a single blocking capacitor per channel is not sufficient after single-fault failure

Nonclercq

Lonys

Vanhoestenberghe

et al. 2012

Med Biol Eng Comput

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One reason given for placing capacitors in series with stimulation electrodes is that they prevent direct current flow and therefore tissue damage under fault conditions. We show that this is not true for multiplexed multi-channel stimulators with one capacitor per channel. A test bench of two stimulation channels, two stimulation tripoles and a saline bath was used to measure the direct current flowing through the electrodes under two different single fault conditions. The electrodes were passively discharged between stimulation pulses. For the particular condition used (16 mA, 1 ms stimulation pulse at 20 Hz with electrodes placed 5 cm apart), the current ranged from 38 to 326 lA depending on the type of fault. The variation of the fault current with time, stimulation amplitude, stimulation frequency and distance between the electrodes is given. Possible additional methods to improve safety are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of multi-channel stimulation implants: a single blocking capacitor per channel is not sufficient after single-fault failure

Nonclercq

Lonys

Vanhoestenberghe

et al. 2012

Med Biol Eng Comput

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“…It is also likely that the future technological solution that might implement the findings reviewed in this paper will have to be fully implantable. In this respect we mention the BION TM system for distributed neural prosthetic interfaces [38], which is capable of delivering precise stimulation and picking-up a variety of sensory signals within the body, as a possible technological platform for the future implementation of the proposed control scheme for posture control with FES.…”

Section: Future Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of posture with FES systems

Matjačić

Hunt

Gollee

et al. 2003

Medical Engineering & Physics

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One of the major obstacles in restoration of functional FES supported standing in paraplegia is the lack of knowledge of a suitable control strategy. The main issue is how to integrate the purposeful actions of the non-paralysed upper body when interacting with the environment while standing, and the actions of the artificial FES control system supporting the paralyzed lower extremities. In this paper we provide a review of our approach to solving this question, which focuses on three inter-related areas: investigations of the basic mechanisms of functional postural responses in neurologically intact subjects; re-training of the residual sensory-motor activities of the upper body in paralyzed individuals; and development of closed-loop FES control systems for support of the paralyzed joints.

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“…The tethering problem can be solved by replacing the interconnects with telemetry, both for powering the device and controlling the stimulus parameters. An example of such a wireless, floating device in the peripheral nervous system is the BION stimulator that is controlled by radio-frequency electromagnetic waves [11]. Because the telemetry and power circuitry are incorporated into this stimulator, the smallest device size is in the order of several millimeters and therefore it is only suitable for activation of peripheral nerves and muscles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite Element Analysis of a Floating Microstimulator

Şahin

Ur-Rahman²

2007

IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.

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Analytical solutions for voltage fields in a volume conductor are available only for ideal electrodes with radially symmetric contacts and infinitely extending substrates. Practical electrodes for neural stimulation may have asymmetric contacts and finite substrate dimensions and hence deviate from the ideal geometries. For instance, it needs to be determined if the analytical solutions are adequate for simulations of narrow shank electrodes where the substrate width is comparable to the size of the contacts. As an extension to this problem, a "floating" stimulator can be envisioned where the substrate would be finite in all directions. The question then becomes how small this floating stimulator can be made before its stimulation strength is compromised by the decrease in the medium impedance between the contacts as the contacts are approaching each other. We used finite element modeling to solve the voltage and current profiles generated by these radially asymmetric electrode geometries in a volume conductor. The simulation results suggest that both the substrate size and the bipolar contact separation influence the voltage field when these parameters are as small as a few times the contact size. Both of these effects are larger for increasing elevations from the contact surface, and even stronger for floating electrodes (finite substrate in all directions) than the shank-type electrodes. Location of the contacts on the floating electrode also plays a role in determining the voltage field. The voltage field for any device size and current, and any specific resistance of the volume conductor can be predicted from these results so long as the aspect ratios are preserved.

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BION™ system for distributed neural prosthetic interfaces

Cited by 227 publications

References 13 publications

Safety of multi-channel stimulation implants: a single blocking capacitor per channel is not sufficient after single-fault failure

Safety of multi-channel stimulation implants: a single blocking capacitor per channel is not sufficient after single-fault failure

Control of posture with FES systems

Finite Element Analysis of a Floating Microstimulator

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