Biomorphous Ceramics from Lignocellulosic Preforms

Greil, Peter; Fey, Tobias; Zollfrank, Cordt

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385469-8.00029-0

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…The change in macroscopic dimensions is about -20% along the fiber axis and -30% in the perpendicular direction, leading to an overall volume shrinkage around 60% and a nearly 40% decrease of the apparent density. Despite the strong weight loss and anisotropic shrinkage observed during this stage [38], the microstructure of the material is remarkably preserved at all scales ( Fig. 5).…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The pyrolysis was performed under a nitrogen flow at ambient pressure (99.999% from Air Liquide). Previous studies have shown that the pyrolysis of cellulosic materials is accompanied by strong weight loss and shrinkage occurring essentially within the 200 -600 °C temperature range [38]. As it will be discussed in the next section, the temperature profile was adapted to this particular pyrolysis behavior.…”

Section: Pyrolysis and Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The corresponding weight loss is related to the release of H2O, CO2 or CO. The depolymerization is more progressive in wood due to the distinct degradation temperature domains for hemicellulose (200-260 °C), cellulose (240-350 °C) and lignin (280-500 °C)[38,48]. The carbonization takes place above 600 °C.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and properties of multiscale porosity TiC-SiC ceramics

Baux

Nouvian

Arnaud

et al. 2019

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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A process combining the pyrolysis of a lignocellulosic structure and reactive gas treatments has been developed to prepare porous TiC-SiC ceramics for solar receivers. The natural micro-porosity of balsa was complemented by a high open macro-porosity by laser cutting a periodical arrangement of parallel channels. The lignocellulosic structure was first pyrolysed into carbon. This reactive carbon material was then converted into TiC by Reactive Chemical Vapor Deposition (RCVD) using TiCl4/H2. After controlling the absence of cracks due to volume changes, the TiC structure was finally infiltrated by the Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI) of SiC using CH3SiCl3/H2. The density, porous structure, elemental and phase compositions, oxidation behavior and crushing strength were assessed after pyrolysis, RCVD and CVI. The SiC CVI coating significantly improves the compressive strength, the oxidation resistance and the thermal properties. The SiC layer is no longer fully protective at high temperature but the mechanical properties remain reasonably high.

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Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Pyrolysis and Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and properties of multiscale porosity TiC-SiC ceramics

Baux

Nouvian

Arnaud

et al. 2019

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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“…It represents the carbon-neutral approach based on the renewable resources such as wood as precursor to deliver the new function of carbon material demands in the modern sustainable society (White 2015). Currently, carbonized wood is used for heavy metals adsorber (Pulido et al 2001), electric magnetic shielding (Wang and Hung 2002), fire retardant wood composites (Subyakto et al 2004), thermoelectric material (Fujisawa et al 2004), electrical and thermal conductors (Sulistyo et al 2009;2010), carbide ceramics (Greil 2001), and in situ formation of nano materials (Hata et al 2005;Sulistyo et al 2012). These various applications of carbonized wood-based materials refers to the pores and microstructure in carbonized wood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conversion of carbonized wood into SiC involves infiltration through the porosity in carbonized wood and was then followed by reaction between carbon element with Si or gaseous phase of SiO or liquid phase of SiO2. Carbonized wood serves as a host for a fluid or gas medium, which reacts with carbon to form a carbide phase (Greil 2001). After Si melt infiltration, the stepwise reaction of silicon and carbon results in the simultaneous formation of a nanograine SiC layer and a coarsed-grained SiC phase on the inner pore surfaces (Zollfrank and Sieber 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changes in Microstructure and Thermal Constant in Conversion of Carbonized Wood to Silicon Carbide Composite

2018

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Carbonized wood which possesses microstructure with random orientation graphitic crystallites and with pores between the graphitic crystallites, is potentially developed into new material of silicon carbide (SiC) composite, a high performance material for engineering purposes. This paper investigates the development of the microstructure in the turbostratic carbon phase and the formation of SiC crystal from the reaction of carbon and SiO2. Results show the turbostratic microstructure in carbonized wood lead to the possible formation of SiC compound in the manufacturing of SiC/SiO2/Ccomposite. The heat treatment at 1800ºC on the mixture of SO2 and carbonized wood creates the formation of SiC compound, which improves the degree of microstructure ordering. The improvement of microstructure turbostratic carbon and the growth of graphitic crystallites in turbostratic carbon improves the thermal conductivity of SiC/SiO2/C composite comparingwith those of carbonized wood composite.

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Recent Progress in the Replication of Hierarchical Biological Tissues

Paris

Fritz‐Popovski

Opdenbosch

et al. 2013

Adv Funct Materials

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Bioinspired materials research is a continuously growing fi eld in interdisciplinary materials science and engineering with large potential for novel functional materials. One possibility of combining the hierarchical structure of natural materials with the broad range of available constituent materials is biotemplating, i.e., the use of biological materials as scaffolds or casting molds for the synthesis of ceramics, semiconductors, metals, polymers or composites thereof. However, the replication of structural details of complex biological tissues over several levels of hierarchy down to the nanometer level is still a big challenge. The biological templates need to be (made) accessible for the precursor materials down to the nanometer scale, and the desired inorganic replica often require a fi nal thermal treatment with the danger of collapse of the nanostructure. Here, some of the current knowledge about the replication of hierarchical biological materials into ceramics or carbons with special emphasis on wood as a template is reviewed. It is concluded that real hierarchical replication down to the nanometer scale requires a careful preparation of the biological template, followed by elaborate template infi ltration via gas or liquid phases and their transformation into a solid, and fi nally, the gentle removal of the template. Not surprisingly, retaining the replicated material in an amorphous or nanocrystalline state is a key requirement for a successful nanometer-scale replication of biological materials.

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Biomorphous Ceramics from Lignocellulosic Preforms

Cited by 5 publications

References 108 publications

Synthesis and properties of multiscale porosity TiC-SiC ceramics

Synthesis and properties of multiscale porosity TiC-SiC ceramics

The Changes in Microstructure and Thermal Constant in Conversion of Carbonized Wood to Silicon Carbide Composite

Recent Progress in the Replication of Hierarchical Biological Tissues

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