Biomonitoring using tagged sentinel fish and acoustic telemetry in commercial salmon aquaculture: A feasibility study

Føre, Martin; Frank, Kevin; Dempster, Tim; Alfredsen, Jo Arve; Høy, Erik

doi:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2017.07.004

Cited by 59 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Once the monitoring system is defined, the next step will be its integration within the intelligent aquaculture structure. Additionally, it must be borne in mind that data on the system’s SE can be obtained by processing images, as we have done here, but infrared images, echo signals and labels carried by the fish are also methods with potential to provide such relevant information that have been tested and offer great promise ( Føre et al, 2011 , 2017 ). Last, but not least, the use of more complex methods for the acquisition of behavioral data and of algorithms for their analysis may provide further evidence as to the type of disturbance that may affect the system, when such disturbance takes place.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the Number of Individuals to Monitor Shoaling Fish Systems – Application of the Shannon Entropy to Construct a Biological Warning System Model

et al. 2018

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The present study aims at identifying the lowest number of fish (European seabass) that could be used for monitoring and/or experimental purposes in small-scale fish facilities by quantifying the effect that the number of individuals has on the Shannon entropy (SE) of the trajectory followed by the shoal’s centroid. Two different experiments were performed: (i) one starting with 50 fish and decreasing to 25, 13, and 1 fish, and (ii) a second experiment starting with one fish, adding one new fish per day during 5 days, ending up with five fish in the tank. The fish were recorded for 1h daily, during which time a stochastic event (a hit in the tank) was introduced. The SE values were calculated from the images corresponding to three arbitrary basal (shoaling) periods of 3.5 min prior to the event, and to the 3.5 min period immediately after the event (schooling response). Taking both experiments together, the coefficient of variation (CV) of the SE among measurements was largest for one fish systems (CV 37.12 and 17.94% for the daily average basal and response SE, respectively) and decreased concomitantly with the number of fish (CV 8.6–10% for the basal SE of 2 to 5 fish systems and 5.86, 2.69, and 2.31% for the basal SE of 13, 25, and 50 fish, respectively). The SE of the systems kept a power relationship with the number of fish (basal: R2= 0.93 and response: R2= 0.92). Thus, 5–13 individuals should be the lowest number for a compromise between acceptable variability (<10%) in the data and reduction in the number of fish. We believe this to be the first scientific work made to estimate the minimum number of individuals to be used in subsequent experimental (including behavioral) studies using shoaling fish species that reaches a compromise between the reduction in number demanded by animal welfare guidelines and a low variability in the fish system’s response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the Number of Individuals to Monitor Shoaling Fish Systems – Application of the Shannon Entropy to Construct a Biological Warning System Model

et al. 2018

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“…In fact, the ability to monitor individual behaviour with precision has only recently been developed for terrestrial livestock production (Berckmans ) and is in its infancy for aquaculture (Føre et al . ).…”

Section: Incorporating Behaviour Into Prevention and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In contrast, the relatively smaller cultured fish are commonly held in greater numbers and higher densities than larger terrestrial livestock, and identifying or following individuals is practically unfeasible without expensive technologies or invasive methods. In fact, the ability to monitor individual behaviour with precision has only recently been developed for terrestrial livestock production (Berckmans 2014) and is in its infancy for aquaculture (Føre et al 2017).…”

Section: Behaviour As a Welfare Indicator Of Infection Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviour in the toolbox to outsmart parasites and improve fish welfare in aquaculture

Bui

Oppedal

Sievers

et al. 2017

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Host behaviour can prevent infection and moderate the fitness of parasites. Antiparasite behaviours are prevalent in many host–parasite systems and occur over fine or broad scales. With global growth in aquaculture production and the associated proliferation of parasites in farming systems, the behaviour of the fish being farmed has seldom been investigated in relation to parasites. Epidemics and outbreaks of parasites are prevalent in most aquaculture systems, and behaviour could be harnessed in concert with current methods to prevent and control parasites and pathogens. However, this requires a systematic understanding of the behaviours of hosts, their capacity for resistance and their interaction with the environment and the parasite. Herein, we present evidence for how behaviour could be used in aquaculture, and discuss the possibility for behaviour to be used in aquaculture as (i) an indicator of welfare status, (ii) a tool in prevention or control and (iii) to maintain or improve welfare. We apply this framework to a case study of a highly problematic parasite, the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). We present the current state of the system, and the drawbacks of current control or prevention methods. We synergise current knowledge on host behaviours and show how behaviour could be incorporated into current and new approaches for prevention and control. Through this first evaluation of the possibilities behaviour presents in disease management, we aim to facilitate a shift in the current disease control paradigm from reactive‐based post‐infection control to pre‐infection prevention approaches.

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“…Although the method needs an accurate characterization of the carrier frequency and its variability due to e.g. temperature fluctuations and drift, it requires no major modifications to the transmitter tags commonly used in commercial telemetry systems [5,17]. This implies that the technique can extend the capabilities of existing solutions solely by adding the required signal processing capacity at the receiver end, either embedded as part of the real-time receiver function or as a post processing feature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this method has been used to measure behavior in aquaculture settings (e.g. depth [5], activity [2,11]), no existing systems measure instantaneous fish swimming speed. Many acoustic telemetry systems employ modulation schemes where information is encoded in the time domain as the time interval between uniform acoustic pulses of fixed frequency and duration [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel Doppler based speed measurement technique for individual free-ranging fish

Hassan¹,

Føre²,

Pedersen

et al. 2019

2019 Ieee Sensors

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A novel Doppler based speed measurement technique for free-ranging acoustically tagged fish was developed and validated through a field experiment in a marine aquaculture farm. For emulated swimming speeds in the range 25 cm s −1-60 cm s −1 , an rms error of 5 cm s −1 with a standard deviation of 4.7 cm s −1 was achieved, and with a relative error typically less than 10% of measured speed. The technique is designed to integrate easily with existing acoustic fish telemetry systems and requires only three hydrophones to determine swimming speeds. Measurement of fish swimming speed has a wide range of applications within fisheries sciences and may become a valuable tool for assessing fish behavior and performance in marine farms.

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Biomonitoring using tagged sentinel fish and acoustic telemetry in commercial salmon aquaculture: A feasibility study

Cited by 59 publications

References 35 publications

Reducing the Number of Individuals to Monitor Shoaling Fish Systems – Application of the Shannon Entropy to Construct a Biological Warning System Model

Reducing the Number of Individuals to Monitor Shoaling Fish Systems – Application of the Shannon Entropy to Construct a Biological Warning System Model

Behaviour in the toolbox to outsmart parasites and improve fish welfare in aquaculture

A novel Doppler based speed measurement technique for individual free-ranging fish

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