Biomonitoring of lead-contaminated Missouri streams with an assay for erythrocyte ?-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in fish blood

Concentrations of Cadmium, Lead, and Zinc in Fish from Mining-Influenced Waters of Northeastern Oklahoma: Sampling of Blood, Carcass, and Liver for Aquatic Biomonitoring

“…Black redhorse (Moxostoma duquesnii) from Center Creek, a SR tributary in Jasper Co., MO, averaged about 1-2 lg/g (Schmitt et al 1993), values that are nearly identical to Pb in blood of SR carp from our study (Table 4). In comparison, the concentration of Pb in blood of our LB reference carp (mean = 0.29 lg/g) was similar to that in suckers and other species collected from reference streams in MO by Schmitt et al (1993). Thus, Pb in blood of carp from the OK sites was moderately elevated relative to reference fish.…”

“…Blood Cd concentrations in carp from the OK sites were considerably greater than those of reference fish but lower than those reported in suckers from the BR and other mining-affected streams in eastern MO, which was also true for suckers collected from Center Creek in 1989 (Schmitt et al 1984(Schmitt et al , 1993(Schmitt et al , 2002. Blood Zn concentrations in carp from the OK sites were similar to those of suckers collected from Center Creek that Schmitt et al (1993) reported; both were slightly greater than blood Zn reported in suckers from the most contaminated streams in eastern MO (Schmitt et al 1984(Schmitt et al , 1993.…”

“…All fish from OK sites were collected by electrofishing in October 2001. Additional specimens were collected from sites in MO (Table 1) that included reference fish from three uncontaminated sites and ''positive control'' fish from the Old Lead Belt, where contamination is well documented (Schmitt et al 1984(Schmitt et al , 1993Schmitt and Finger 1987;Gale et al 2004) …”

“…In studies with suckers from USA streams in MO, MT, and WA, blood Pb concentrations were typically about 0.4-0.6 lg/g dw (assuming 86% blood moisture) at reference sites and 5-15 lg/ g at sites heavily contaminated by mining and related activities (Schmitt et al 1984, Dwyer et al 1988. Black redhorse (Moxostoma duquesnii) from Center Creek, a SR tributary in Jasper Co., MO, averaged about 1-2 lg/g (Schmitt et al 1993), values that are nearly identical to Pb in blood of SR carp from our study (Table 4). In comparison, the concentration of Pb in blood of our LB reference carp (mean = 0.29 lg/g) was similar to that in suckers and other species collected from reference streams in MO by Schmitt et al (1993).…”

“…Blood has occasionally been sampled for avian monitoring, particularly for Pb, mercury (Hg), or selenium exposure (Dieter 1979;Henny et al 1994Henny et al , 2000Flint et al 1997;Franson et al 1999;Santolo and Yamamoto 1999). Fish blood has also been sampled to evaluate Pb exposure (Hodson 1976;Hodson et al 1977Hodson et al , 1984Haux and Larsson 1982;Haux et al 1986;Dwyer et al 1988;Johansson-Sjobeck and Larsson 1979;Nakagawa et al 1995;Schmitt et al 1984Schmitt et al , 1993 but seldom for other metals. As is true in the blood of humans and birds, Pb in fish blood concentrates in erythrocytes and can inhibit enzymes involved with heme synthesis (Finelli 1977).…”