Biomonitoring environmental contamination with pipping black‐crowned night heron embryos: Induction of cytochrome P450

Rattner, Barnett A.; Melancon, Mark J.; Custer, Thomas W.; Hothem, Roger L.; King, Kirke A.; LeCaptain, Leonard J.; Spann, James W.; Woodin, Bruce R.; Stegeman, John J.

doi:10.1002/etc.5620120921

Cited by 76 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, in the present data set on ospreys, the best fits are with TEQs and total PCBs and with non‐ ortho PCBs, while there were no significant relationships with 2,3,7,8‐TCDD or ‐TCDF. Such findings are in accord with most published studies of avian species [e.g., 10, 12, 40]. We conclude that, when the present study was undertaken in 1995 and 1996, as a result of chlorine‐substitution programs at the targeted pulp mills, concentrations of 2,3,7,8‐TCDD and ‐TCDF had decreased to the point where they were relatively inconsequential relative to the PCB congeners [1].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Assessment of biological effects of chlorinated hydrocarbons in osprey chicks

Elliott

Wilson²,

Henny³

et al. 2001

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) eggs were collected during 1995 and 1996 at seven sites along the Fraser and Columbia River systems of British Columbia, Canada, and Washington and Oregon, USA. Fifty-four eggs were placed into a laboratory incubator. Thirty-eight of the hatched chicks were sacrificed within 24 h. Hatching success did not differ among sites and therefore between treatment and reference areas. Residual yolk sacs of eggs collected downstream of the large bleached-kraft pulp mill at Castlegar contained greater mean concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, 2,930 ng/kg lipid) compared with reference sites such as the Nechako River, an upper tributary of the Fraser system (33.7 ng/kg). Total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in yolk sacs were also higher at Castlegar and in samples from the Columbia River downstream of Portland, Oregon, compared with those from the Nechako River. Concentrations of measured chemicals, including TCDD toxic equivalents (TEQs), total PCBs, p,p'-dichlorodiphenylethylene (p,p'-DDE), and other organochlorines were not different in eggs that failed to hatch compared with calculated whole-egg values for hatched eggs. There were significant biochemical responses; a hepatic cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) cross-reactive protein was detected in all samples tested and correlated positively with ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (EROD) activity and yolk sac concentrations of TEQs and total PCBs. Tissue concentrations of vitamin A compounds varied among sites and correlated positively with yolk sac concentrations of TEQs and PCBs. Morphological, histological, and other physiological parameters, including chick growth, edema, deformities, and hepatic and renal porphyrin concentrations, neither varied among sites nor showed concentration-related effects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Assessment of biological effects of chlorinated hydrocarbons in osprey chicks

Elliott

Wilson²,

Henny³

et al. 2001

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…In addition, pesticide residues affect reproduction success by lowering survival rates in black-crowned night-herons (Ohlendorf, Klaas & Kaiser, 1978;Custer et al, 1983;Henny et al, 1984;Findholt & Trost, 1985). However, in night-herons, DDE values have to be above 5 ppm (wet weight) to be dangerous Henny ef al., 1984) and PCB values below 1 ppm (wet weight) are probably at background level (Rattner et al, 1993). We do not have values of pesticide residues from the studied species from the Huleh reserve, but we suspect that they contribute to lower survival rates of both studied species in the Huleh colony.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The breeding biology of the black‐crowned night‐heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) and the little egret (Egretta garzetta) at the Huleh Nature Reserve, Israel

Ashkenazi

Yom‐Tov

1997

Journal of Zoology

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With 2 figures in the text)The breeding biologies of the black-crowned night-heron (Nycticorw; nycticorax) and the little egret (Egrertu garzettu) were studied in the mixed heron breeding colony at the Huleh Nature Reserve, Israel, from 1977. Both studied species have resident (30%) and migrating populations. The colony consisted of about 3,000 pairs of seven breeding species nesting in 5-7 highly synchronous mixed species sub-colonies from mid-March to mid-September. Mean time-lapse between initiation of two sub-colonies is 20.45 days. Mean duration of egg-laying within a sub-colony is 12.45 days and of hatching is 12.38 days. Nests are built each year mainly with papyrus stems and there are significant differences among little egrets, night-herons and cattle egrets in their tendency to use different nesting material. Mean clutch size was 3.41 for little egrets and 2.97 for night-herons, while the most frequent clutch size was three in both species (54.9% and 68.5%, respectively). Mean fresh laid egg masses were 27.1Sg and 31.33g for little egrets and night-herons, respectively. The variability in egg mass within a clutch was significantly smaller (on average 12 times and 7 times for little egrets and nightherons, respectively) than between clutches. Incubation of each egg lasts 21.6 days in little egrets and 21.1 days in night-herons. Mean egg mass loss during incubation was 14.6% and 13.8% for little egrets and night-herons, respectively. Hatching success is 90.2% (n = 177) in little egrets and 92.4% (n = 258) in night-herons, and hatching order is related to laying order in both species. Hatchling's mass at hatch ranged from 13-26 g (n = 34), 74.8% of initial egg mass for little egrets and 19-29 g (n = 30). 73.8% of initial egg mass for night-herons. Chick development rates were studied in nature and in captivity. In both species there is a linear correlation between a chick's age and its body dimensions. Chicks reach adult dimensions at about one month and fledge at the age of 35-42 days. Fledged chicks disperse during the first year up to 50-6Okm from the colony. Survival rates for chicks up to the age of 28 days are 69.9% and 56.6% for little egrets and night-herons, respectively. The main mortality factor for eggs and chicks is probably predation by avian predators. Data on minimum longevity, 10-1 I years for little egrets and 7-8 years for night-herons, were obtained from resightings of tag-marked individuals. Long-term monitoring and study of the structure and breeding parameters of a regionally important colony in relation to known environmental effects are an essential tool for conservation and management plans for colonial species.

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“…Differences in embryo growth measured in hatchlings were apparent for PCB 126 in chickens where hatching weights without yolk sacs were lower. Hatching weights without yolk sacs are considered to be a more accurate measure of embryo growth, because when growth is retarded, less yolk is utilized, thus masking the effect when embryos and their yolk are weighed [49,50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative developmental toxicity of planar polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in chickens, American kestrels, and common terns

Hoffman

Melancon

Klein

et al. 1998

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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137

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The effects of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, PCB 126 (3,3′,4,4′,5‐pentaCB) and PCB 77 (3,3′4,4′‐tetraCB), were examined in chicken (Gallus gallus), American kestrel (Falco sparverius), and common tern (Sterna hirundo) embryos through hatching, following air cell injections on day 4. PCB 126 caused malformations and edema in chickens starting at 0.3 ppb, in kestrels at 2.3 to 23 ppb, but in terns only at levels affecting hatching success (44 ppb). Extent of edema was most severe in chickens and least in terns. Defects of the beak were common in all species but with crossed beak most prevalent in terns. Effects on embryo growth were most apparent for PCB 126 in chickens and kestrels. The approximate 50% lethal dose (LD50) for PCB 126 in chickens was 0.4 ppb, in kestrels was 65 ppb, and in terns was 104 ppb. The approximate LD50 for PCB 77 in chickens was 2.6 ppb and in kestrels was 316 ppb. Induction of cytochrome P450 associated monooxygenase activity (ethoxyresorufin‐O‐dealkylase activity) by PCB 126 in chick embryo liver was about 800 times more responsive than in tern and at least 1,000 times more responsive than in kestrel. High concentrations of PCB 126 found in bald eagle eggs are nearly 20‐fold higher than the lowest toxic concentration tested in kestrels. Concentrations of PCB 126 causing low‐level toxic effects in common tern eggs are comparable to highest levels in common terns and Forster's terns in the field, suggesting additional involvement of other compounds in the Great Lakes.

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Biomonitoring environmental contamination with pipping black‐crowned night heron embryos: Induction of cytochrome P450

Cited by 76 publications

References 41 publications

Assessment of biological effects of chlorinated hydrocarbons in osprey chicks

Assessment of biological effects of chlorinated hydrocarbons in osprey chicks

The breeding biology of the black‐crowned night‐heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) and the little egret (Egretta garzetta) at the Huleh Nature Reserve, Israel

Comparative developmental toxicity of planar polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in chickens, American kestrels, and common terns

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