BioMOF-Based Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery Systems

Abstract

A wide range of nanomaterials has been developed for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery for cancer treatment. These include nanoparticles and nanofibers with various dimensions that are both natural and synthetic. A successful drug delivery system (DDS) is characterized by its biocompatibility, intrinsic high surface area, high interconnected porosity and chemical functionality. These features have been recently achieved with the most recent advances in the development of metal–organic framework (MOF) nanostructures. MOFs are assemblies of metal ions and organic linkers that are made in different geometries and can be produced in 0, 1, 2 or 3 dimensions. MOFs are characterized by their outstanding surface area, interconnected porosity as well as the variable chemical functionality. These characteristics provide unlimited modalities for the loading of drugs into their hierarchical structures. Combined with biocompatibility pre-requisites, MOFs are now considered among the most successful DDS for the treatment of various diseases; hence, the term “BioMOF” has been used to refer to MOFs with potential for biomedical applications. This review outlines the development and applications of DDS based on pristine and chemically functionalized BioMOF nanostructures for the treatment of cancer. A brief description of the structure, synthesis and mode of action of BioMOF DDS systems is provided.

Block Copolymer‐Stabilized Metal–Organic Framework Hybrids Loading Pd Nanoparticles Enable Tumor Remission Through Near‐Infrared Photothermal Therapy

“…[ 48 ] Combining block copolymers and ligands may provide both stabilization and tumor‐targeting capabilities, potentially yielding improved tumor accumulation and therapeutic effects. [ 54 ] Further investigation is warranted to explore the potential of ligand‐conjugated PEG‐p(Asp‐Dopa) stabilized MOF/polymer hybrids for innovative cancer therapy.…”

Synergistic applications of cyclodextrin-based systems and metal–organic frameworks in transdermal drug delivery for skin cancer therapy

“…92 Due to all the advantages described, MOFs have been extensively studied as drug delivery systems, and many papers and reviews have been published on the topic. 23,92,100,101,[114][115][116][117][118][119] The inclusion of recent advancements in MOF research for wound healing and specific targeting of cancer cells further underscores the potential of MOFs as versatile carriers for drug delivery, opening up new avenues for innovative therapeutic strategies. 111,112 For example, El-Bindary and co-workers have recently reported the preparation of Zr-MOF (synthesized by mixing ZrCl 4 with 2-methylimidazole at basic pH) and ZIF-8 in water and their use to encapsulate doxorubicin.…”

Application of Metal‐Organic Frameworks in Imaging‐Guided Therapy

“…[40,84,89] Cyclodextrins (CDs) are considered the most significant organic ligands among various saccharides due to their intrinsic hydrophobic inner cavity, hydrophilic outer surface, and molecular recognition properties. [90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101] The first case of cyclodextrin-based MOF was reported in 2010 by Wang et al [102] , who used K + or Rb + ions were coordinated with six γ-CD units to synthesize a porous γ-CD based MOFs. The incorporation of chitosan's intrinsic hydrophobic inner cavity properties into MOFs in this study has successfully enhanced the potential applications of MOFs in drug loading, controlled drug release, and sewage purification.…”

“…Therefore, they also can serve as organic ligands for the synthesis of MOFs [40,84,89] . Cyclodextrins (CDs) are considered the most significant organic ligands among various saccharides due to their intrinsic hydrophobic inner cavity, hydrophilic outer surface, and molecular recognition properties [90–101] …”