Biomodulatory Potential of Low-Level Laser on Neoangiogenesis and Remodeling Tissue. A Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction: In recent years, cellular biostimulation induced by low-level laser therapy has been widely studied. Among some of the processes stimulated by low-level laser are cell cycle, phenotypic modulation as well as vascular changes, such as vasodilation and neoangiogenesis. The increased number of new blood vessels accelerates inflammation, and also increases wound healing. Neoangiogenesis is still an important process of tissue repair, since it always precedes collagen synthesis and matrix extracellular remodeling. Increasing scientific evidence has shown that photobiomodulation stimulates neoangiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation and collagen biosynthesis. Objective: Review the literature about the effects of low level laser therapy on neoangiogenesis and fibroplasia and describe how these processes occur in the tissue subjected to an injury. Methods and Matereials: The search tool used was the Medline / Pubmed and the following keywords were used: remodeling, wound healing, neoangiogenesis, fibroplasia, laser therapy, low-level laser. Manuscripts published from 1990 to 2017 were selected. Results: Increasing scientific evidence has shown that photobiomodulation stimulates neoangiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation and collagen biosynthesis. Conclusion: Neoangiogenesis always precedes collagen synthesis and matrix extracellular remodeling. However, little is known of the action of laser therapy in the late stages of tissue repair.

Participation of the Immune System and Hedgehog Signaling in Neoangiogenesis Under Laser Photobiomodulation

“…All the procedures were in accordance with Fortuna et al 4 Anesthesia was administered intraperitoneally with a combination of ketamine (50 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/ kg) at a dose of 0.2 mL/100 g of body weight. Then, the animals were shaved on the dorsal region and an iodophor was used as a sanitizer (Biochemistry, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).…”

“…Recent studies have shown that laser photobiomodulation (LPBM) accelerates the acute phase of inflammation, stimulates cell proliferation, increases the contraction of skin wounds, and accelerates re-epithelialization. [1][2][3][4] Does LPBM also modulate the later phases of wound healing? Although few studies have investigated this matter, 1,5 the answer to this question is still unclear because the duration of the benefits derived from LPBM can be perpetuated in irradiated tissues.…”