“…Vaterite can be precipitated in some mineral springs when specific glacial conditions take place [3]. Also, vaterite crystals have been identified in materials produced by living organisms, e.g., otolith organs of fishes [4][5][6], spicules of the ascidian Herdmania momus [6,7], freshwater pearls, crustacean tissues, or bird eggs [6,8] as well as the chalky crust on the surface of leaves of the alpine plant, Saxifraga scardica [9].…”
Vaterite is the least thermodynamically stable anhydrous calcium carbonate polymorph. Its existence is very rare in nature, e.g., in some rock formations or as a component of biominerals produced by some fishes, crustaceans, or birds. Synthetic vaterite particles are proposed as carriers of active substances in medicines, additives in cosmetic preparations as well as adsorbents. Also, their utilization as a pump for microfluidic flow is also tested. In particular, vaterite particles produced as polycrystalline spheres have large potential for application. Various methods are proposed to precipitate vaterite particles, including the conventional solution-solution synthesis, gas-liquid method as well as special routes. Precipitation conditions should be carefully selected to obtain a high concentration of vaterite in all these methods. In this review, classical and new methods used for vaterite precipitation are presented. Furthermore, the key parameters affecting the formation of spherical vaterite are discussed.
“…Vaterite can be precipitated in some mineral springs when specific glacial conditions take place [3]. Also, vaterite crystals have been identified in materials produced by living organisms, e.g., otolith organs of fishes [4][5][6], spicules of the ascidian Herdmania momus [6,7], freshwater pearls, crustacean tissues, or bird eggs [6,8] as well as the chalky crust on the surface of leaves of the alpine plant, Saxifraga scardica [9].…”
Vaterite is the least thermodynamically stable anhydrous calcium carbonate polymorph. Its existence is very rare in nature, e.g., in some rock formations or as a component of biominerals produced by some fishes, crustaceans, or birds. Synthetic vaterite particles are proposed as carriers of active substances in medicines, additives in cosmetic preparations as well as adsorbents. Also, their utilization as a pump for microfluidic flow is also tested. In particular, vaterite particles produced as polycrystalline spheres have large potential for application. Various methods are proposed to precipitate vaterite particles, including the conventional solution-solution synthesis, gas-liquid method as well as special routes. Precipitation conditions should be carefully selected to obtain a high concentration of vaterite in all these methods. In this review, classical and new methods used for vaterite precipitation are presented. Furthermore, the key parameters affecting the formation of spherical vaterite are discussed.
“…CaCO 3 is a typical material for the formation of amorphous particles as precursors to crystal nucleation. 5−13 Calcite is the thermodynamically most stable polymorph of CaCO 3 near room temperature at a pressure of 1 atm. However, the nucleation of vaterite occurs favorably in the laboratory.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…9−13 Moreover, depending on the temperature and the presence of additives such as Mg 2+ and Sr 2+ ions, the nucleation of aragonite can also occur. 9−13 Thus, the relationship between the structures of amorphous particles and the crystals formed from these particles has attracted a great deal of attention, as has the relationship between the ion clusters formed in aqueous solution and crystal nucleation. 14−16…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…5 This observation may be related to the fact that the nucleation of vaterite is kinetically favorable in the laboratory. 9−13 However, another experimental study by Michel et al suggested that the structure of ACC did not match those of any of the known CaCO 3 crystals. 8 In principle, it is quite difficult to elucidate the atomic-scale structure of ACC by experimental means alone.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…18 The results of these earlier simulation studies may also be attributable to the fact that the nucleation of vaterite is kinetically favorable in the laboratory. 9−13…”
A new methodology for definitively
evaluating the structural similarity
between different phases in an impartial manner is proposed. This
methodology utilizes a dimensionality reduction (DR) technique that
was developed in the fields of machine learning and statistics. The
basis of the proposed methodology is that the structural similarity
between different phases can be evaluated by the geometrical similarity
of pair and/or angular distribution functions that reflect the atomic-scale
structure of each phase. The DR technique is used for the analysis
of this geometrical similarity. In this study, the proposed methodology
is applied to evaluate the similarity in the atomic-scale structure,
as obtained from molecular dynamics simulations, between amorphous
CaCO
3
and CaCO
3
crystal phases in the presence
or absence of additives, namely, Mg
2+
ions, Sr
2+
ions, and water molecules. The results indicate that in the absence
of additives, the structure of the amorphous phase is closer to that
of vaterite than to those of calcite or aragonite. However, the degree
of structural similarity between the amorphous phase and vaterite
decreases if Mg
2+
ions are present. This tendency is also
evident when Sr
2+
ions are present, although these ions
do not influence the structure of the amorphous phase as strongly
as Mg
2+
ions. In addition, the results indicate that at
a high water concentration, the amorphous phase is separated into
small particles by hydrogen-bonded networks of water molecules and
the structure of the amorphous phase more closely approaches that
of vaterite. The proposed methodology is widely applicable to the
evaluation of the structural similarity between different phases for
complex multicomponent systems.
An extensive study of the microstructure, nanostructrure and crystallographic 10 properties of six taxa belonging to four different genera of Devonian and Carboniferous
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