Biomimetics for treatment of endometrial pathologies: an overview

Abstract

Secondary infertility among women in their childbearing age is one of sufficient problems in Russia. It is often caused by damage to the basal layer of endometrium when performing gynecological procedures, e.g., dilatation of uterine cavity, diagnostic curettage, cesarean section, uterine surgey, as well as consequences of complicated pregnancies. As a result, hypo-or hypermetriosis may develop, along with intrauterine adhesions (synechiae), leading to the development of Asherman's syndrome. Despite large amounts of medical data, there are no quite effective ways to treat secondary infertility. Currently, various biological polymers and composite materials based on biopolymers with incorporated active molecules, genetic substances, platelet-rich plasma, stem cells or microvesicles/exosomes of stem cells are used with some success for treatment of hypometriosis and Asherman's syndrome. Gel substances based on sodium hyaluronate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene oxide, collagen and others are certified for clinical use. Biopolymer gels serve, on the one hand, as the materials separating the uterine walls (barrier function), and, on the other hand, they work as carriers of biologically active molecules and cells. Biomimetics can stimulate the regeneration and normalization of endometrium at different efficiency rates, thus promoting restoration of reproductive capacity. Biomimetic-based therapies are under investigation. The present review provides data on treatment efficiency of endometrial disorders by means of biotherapeutic approaches.