Biomimetic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Ethyl Acetate Extract of Urtica diocia Leaves; Characterizations and Emerging Antimicrobial Activity

Abstract

The current work reports the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the antimicrobial activities of ethyl acetate extract of Urtica diocia (UD) leaves as a reducing and capping agent. The synthesized UD-AgNPs were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The UD-AgNPs were evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and their size, shape, and distribution were recorded. The average size of an NP was 19.401 nm. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) for 75 µL of UD-AgNPs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) was 21 ± 0.4 mm more than that of the control drug Ciprofloxacin (16 ± 10 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was the lowest against Escherichia coli (E. coli) (36 ± 3 µg/mL) and Staphylococcusepidermidis (S. epidermidis) (38 ± 3 µg/mL). Moreover, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was the lowest against E.coli (75 ± 00 µg/mL) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis (83 ± 16 µg/mL). Thus, the UD-AgNPs synthesized using the ethyl acetate extract of UD can be used as a new antimicrobial drug.

Ag Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications—Synthesis and Characterization—A Review

“…Binsalah et al [ 138 ] proved using the EDS module attached to SEM equipment that Ag NPs obtained through green chemistry exhibits Ag in the highest quantity in a pure form ( Figure 11 ). Even if the elemental analysis showed variety in elements, the high peak associated with Ag confirms that this metal can perform its antibacterial activity even beside other reactive elements.…”

“…The average size was under 20 nm, so they have a classical morphology for an antimicrobial character. Using the classical characterization method, the nanoparticles proved to have antibacterial properties against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria [ 138 ].…”

“… EDS spectrum for elemental analysis in Ag-NPs synthetized through Urtica diocia Leaves. Retrieved from an open source article [ 138 ]. …”

Synthesis of Green Engineered Silver Nanoparticles through Urtica dioica: An Inhibition of Microbes and Alleviation of Cellular and Organismal Toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster

“…Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon R+, wild-type) were reared using the standard Drosophila diet, which includes agar, yeast, maize powder, sodium benzoate, propionic acid, and sugar [ 94 ]. The flies were kept at 24 °C, 68–70% relative humidity, and a 12-h cycle of dark and light.…”

“…Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as the reference protein, and the Lowry et al (1951) method was used to measure the protein concentration in the midgut of D. melanogaster homogenate [ 94 ].…”