Biomimetic mineralized hybrid scaffolds with antimicrobial peptides

Abstract

Infection in hard tissue regeneration is a clinically-relevant challenge. Development of scaffolds with dual function for promoting bone/dental tissue growth and preventing bacterial infections is a critical need in the field. Here we fabricated hybrid scaffolds by intrafibrillar-mineralization of collagen using a biomimetic process and subsequently coating the scaffold with an antimicrobial designer peptide with cationic and amphipathic properties. The highly hydrophilic mineralized collagen scaffolds provided an ideal substrate to form a dense and stable coating of the antimicrobial peptides. The amount of hydroxyapatite in the mineralized fibers modulated the rheological behavior of the scaffolds with no influence on the amount of recruited peptides and the resulting increase in hydrophobicity. The developed scaffolds were potent by contact killing of Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Streptococcus gordonii as well as cytocompatible to human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. The process of scaffold fabrication is versatile and can be used to control mineral load and/or intrafibrillar-mineralized scaffolds made of other biopolymers.

Advances in biomineralization-inspired materials for hard tissue repair

“…Thus, antibacterial functions of bioinspired materials are required during biomineralization-inspired repair. 158 , 297 , 348 , 349 (4) The combined use of biomineralization-inspired materials with growth factors, cells, or drugs can be considered to achieve better repair effects (e.g., simultaneous vascularization or nerve regeneration when repairing bone). 350 , 351 (5) Developing novel intrafibrillar mineralization-feasible organic matrices as collagen alternatives is a potential future direction to avoid the immunogenicity caused by allogenic and xenogenic collagen products.…”

Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Applications in Biomedical Sector

“…The hydrophobicity of the scaffold was improved by coating it with GL13K, which suggests stability in the presence of water. GL13K scaffolds, which were mineralized for two days or more, reduced S. gordonii viability in a better way compared to others [ 157 ]. Rabanal and a few others developed a scaffold from lipopeptide, which is found to possess improved antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa , E. coli , S. aureus , and E. faecalis [ 158 ].…”

Antibacterial peptidomimetic and characterization of its efficacy as an antibacterial and biocompatible coating for bioceramic-based bone substitutes

“…Biomaterials and devices used in orthopedic therapy have been coated with antibacterial entities, both traditional antibiotics and AMPS/peptidomimetics. [55][56][57] Amongst the different coating strategies, direct covalent and non-covalent attachment of antibacterial entities to surfaces have been explored quite extensively. 36,58 Non-covalent attachment strategies leverage the charged and/or polar properties of some drugs and material surfaces to form favorable weak interactions between the two.…”