Biomimetic, Mechanically Strong Supramolecular Nanosystem Enabling Solvent Resistance, Reliable Fire Protection and Ultralong Fire Warning

Abstract

A graphene oxide (GO)-based smart fire alarm sensor (FAS) has gained rapidly increasing research interest in fire safety fields recently. However, it still remains a huge challenge to obtain desirable GO-based FAS materials with integrated performances of mechanical flexibility/robustness, harsh environment-tolerance, high-temperature resistance, and reliable fire warning and protection. In this work, based on bionic design, the supermolecule melamine diborate (M·2B) was combined with GO nanosheets to form supramolecular cross-linking nanosystems, and the corresponding GO-M·2B (GO/MB) hybrid papers with a nacre-like micro/nano structure were successfully fabricated via a gel-dry method. The optimized GO/MB paper exhibits enhanced mechanical properties, e.g., tensile strength and toughness up to ∼122 MPa and ∼1.72 MJ/m3, respectively, which is ∼3.5 and ∼6.6 times higher than those of the GO paper. Besides, it also shows excellent structural stability even under acid/alkaline solution immersion and water bath ultrasonication conditions. Furthermore, due to the presence of promoting reduction effect and atom doping reactions in GO network, the resulting GO/MB network displays exceptional high-temperature resistance, sensitive fire alarm response (∼0.72 s), and ultralong alarming time (>1200 s), showing promising fire safety and protection application prospects as desirable FAS and fire shielding material with excellent comprehensive performances. Therefore, this work provides inspiration for the design and fabrication of high-performance GO-based smart materials that combine fire shielding and alarm functions.

The coating based on phenolic resin gives rigid polyurethane foam excellent flame retardant properties

“…Overall, the effect of PF/DOPO/Nano‐SiO 2 coating can form a denser carbon layer, which can synergistically suppress the transfer of heat and oxygen, thereby improving the flame retardancy of the coating 33–37 . The PF/DOPO/Nano‐SiO 2 ‐2 coating not only has good flame retardant effect, but also has higher economic efficiency compared to previous flame retardant coatings 38–41 …”

Phenolic resin microspheres surface‐modified with sodium silicate for reducing fire hazard in TPU composites

“…The microspheres that migrate to the surface of the matrix are tightly arranged, obstructing the release path of smoke. In addition, the release of non‐flammable gas dilutes the concentration of combustible gas and surrounding oxygen during the combustion process, which avoids the further combustion of the matrix 52,53 . Therefore, SSMPHM shows prominent flame retardancy due to excellent effects in the condense and gas phase.…”

Bioinspired polyimide film with fire retardant and gas barrier properties by gravity‐induced deposition of montmorillonite

“…Thereby, combustible gas released by thermal decomposition inside composites was more difficult to escape, resulting in internal expansion and the formation of many bubbles on the surface (Figure 5A,D). [ 47 ] At the same time, the thermal decomposition of PI may produce nonflammable gases, like CO 2 , which dilutes the concentration of combustible gases, inhibits continuous combustion behavior, [ 48,49 ] and may also be the cause of internal expansion. The combustible substances inside the composite were laborious in contact with oxygen, and the internal oxygen concentration was diluted and reduced, thereby enhancing the flame retardancy of MMT‐PI.…”