Biomimetic Inorganic Nanoparticle-Loaded Silk Fibroin-Based Coating with Enhanced Antibacterial and Osteogenic Abilities

Abstract

Poor osseointegration and infection are the main reasons leading to the failure of hard tissue implants; especially, in recent years, the failure rate has been increasing every year owing to the continuously increasing conditions such as injury, trauma, diseases, or infections. Therefore, the development of a biomimetic surface coating of bone tissues with antibacterial function is an effective means to improve bone healing and inhibit bacterial infection. Mimicking the natural bone, in this study, we have designed a silk fibroin (collagen-like structure)-based coating inlaid with nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for promoting antibacterial ability and osteogenesis, especially focusing on the bone mimetic structure for enhancing bone health. Observing the morphology and size of the composite nanoparticles by transmission electron microscope (TEM), nHA provided nucleation sites for the formation of AgNPs, forming an nHA/AgNP complex with a size of about 100−200 nm. Characterization of the nHA/Ag-loaded silk fibroin biomimetic coating showed an increased surface roughness with good density and compact performances. The silk fibroin-based coating loaded with uniformly distributed AgNPs and nHA could effectively inhibit the adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus on the surface and, at the same time, quickly kill planktonic bacteria, indicating their good antibacterial ability. In vitro cell experiments revealed that the biomimetic silk fibroin-based coating was beneficial to the adhesion, spreading, and proliferation of osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1). In addition, by characterizing LDH and ROS, it was found that the nHA/ Ag complex could significantly reduce the cytotoxicity of AgNPs, and the osteoblasts on the coating surface maintained the structure intact.

Current developments and future perspectives of nanotechnology in orthopedic implants: an updated review

“…In another study, mimicking the natural bone, researchers designed a silk fibroin (collagen-like structure)- coating infused with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) to enhance osteogenesis and antibacterial activity. The study placed particular emphasis on the bone mimetic structure as a means to improve bone health ( Figure 3 ) ( Zhang et al, 2021 ). The uniform distribution of AgNPs and nHA on the silk fibroin-based coating prevented Staphylococcus aureus from adhering to the surface while simultaneously causing rapid death of planktonic bacteria, demonstrating their potent antibacterial properties.…”

“… Schematic representation of the procedure involved in developing biocompatible and antibacterial coatings ( Zhang et al, 2021 ). …”

“…By adding boron, Qadri et al developed silver-copper-boron (AgCuB) nanoparticles that would retain their antimicrobial properties for an extended length of time (Qadri et al, 2017). It was discovered that AgCuB nanoparticles (1 mg/kg) administered as a single dose could completely wipe out the bacterial population in Schematic representation of the procedure involved in developing biocompatible and antibacterial coatings (Zhang et al, 2021).…”

Sustainable Silk-Based Particulate Systems for the Controlled Release of Pharmaceuticals and Bioactive Agents in Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration

“…SF serves as a supportive structure for the proliferation of osteoblasts. [32,33] Moisturizing SF shows great promise as a natural moisturizing agent. [26] Promotion of cell behavior SF promotes cell growth and migration of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, enhances pro-angiogenic activity, and considerably expedites the healing of skin wounds.…”

Azide-Locked Prodrug Co-Assembly into Nanoparticles with Indocyanine Green for Chemophotothermal Therapy

“…Presently, therapeutic strategies such as chemotherapy, surgery, and immunotherapy play an important role in clinical treatment of tumors. − However, the low delivery efficiency and weak sensitivity to the tumor microenvironment (TME) limit the treatment outcomes. Thus, it is necessary to develop an advanced delivery technology to promote the development of tumor therapy. − Nanomedicine-based delivery technology can effectively improve drug distribution through selective response to TME. − To investigate this, various matrix materials such as liposomes, − inorganic nanoparticles, − polymeric prodrugs, − small molecular drugs, − and organic/inorganic hybrid matter − have been used for designing the drug carrier. Although tremendous advances have been made, some major difficulties such as complex synthesis and high carrier proportion still exist.…”