Biomimetic Human Enamel Remineralization Using Calcium Extract from Nano Fish Bone and Eggshell: An In vitro Study

Abstract

AIM:The study aimed to investigate the remineralizing potential of two freshly prepared organic biomimetic waste nanomaterial [fish bone (FB) and chicken eggshell (ES)] solutions on partially demineralized human enamel surface using Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for quantitative Ca/P assessment.The study aimed to investigate remineralizing potential of two organic biomimetic waste nanomaterials [fish bone (FB) and chicken eggshell (ES)] on demineralized enamel using Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for quantitative calcium/ phosphate assessment. A total of 34 freshly extracted human 3 rd molars were collected to be used. Thirty teeth were divided into three equal groups (n=10). Group1: Teeth represented the control group as a reference for the assessed normal quantitative content of calcium and phosphorus. Group2: Teeth were immersed in a freshly prepared demineralizing solution for 96 hours, then investigated by EDX. Afterword, those group 2 teeth were again soaked in a freshly elaborated remineralizing fish bone nanoparticle solution for 189 hours, then reevaluated by EDX. Group3: Teeth were demineralized with the same regime as group 2 teeth, then remineralized in a freshly prepared ES nanoparticle solution for seven days to be again reassessed by EDX. In addition, the remaining four human teeth were assessed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM); where 1 sound enamel surface was scanned, a second tooth was SEM investigated following demineralization regime, a third one was SEM assessed after remineralization with FB nanoparticle solution and fourth one scanned after ES nanoparticle remineralization. Paired sample t-test and independent t test statistical analysis were used. Freshly prepared nano FB and ES solutions seem promising for remineralization of incipient enamel lesions.