Biomimetic Epigallocatechin Gallate–Cerium Assemblies for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease that is so far incurable with long-term health risks. The high doses and frequent administration for the available RA drug always lead to adverse side effects. Aiming at the obstacles to achieving effective RA treatment, we prepared macrophage cell membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles (M-EC), which were assembled from epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and cerium(IV) ions. Due to its geometrical similarity to the active metal sites of a natural antioxidant enzyme, the EC possessed a high scavenge efficiency to various types of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The macrophage cell membrane assisted M-EC in escaping from the immune system, being uptaken by inflammatory cells, and specifically binding IL-1β. After tail vein injection to the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model, the M-EC accumulated at inflamed joints and effectively repaired the bone erosion and cartilage damage of rheumatoid arthritis by relieving synovial inflammation and cartilage erosion. It is expected that the M-EC can not only pave a new way for designing metal−phenolic networks with better biological activity but also provide a more biocompatible therapeutic strategy for effective treatment of RA.

Nanotechnology in inflammation: cutting-edge advances in diagnostics, therapeutics and theranostics

“…Inflammatory effector cells, which exert substantial influence on the initiation and advancement of diverse inflammatory diseases, have been harnessed as biomimetic carriers for administering small-molecule pharmaceutical agents 196 . For instance, Song et al synthesized macrophage cell membrane-camouflaged NPs (M-EC, 210.0 nm) containing epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Ce 4+ 197 . The macrophage cell membranes were beneficial to enhance the biocompatibility, immune evasion and targeting ability of the NPs to inflamed joints.…”

“…The macrophage cell membranes were beneficial to enhance the biocompatibility, immune evasion and targeting ability of the NPs to inflamed joints. In a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), M-EC resembling natural antioxidant enzyme sites, showed significant therapeutic effects by reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and cartilage erosion in the joints 197 . Combining anti-inflammatory and immune-evasive properties of M2 macrophages, the biocompatibility and long circulation of erythrocytes may produce desirable therapeutic efficacy.…”

Autoantigenic Peptide and Immunomodulator Codelivery System for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment by Reestablishing Immune Tolerance

“…Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease dominated by persistent inflammatory lesions of joint tissue, with a global incidence rate of about 1%. , As a progressive joint disease, RA can cause discomfort, pain, joint damage, disability, and even death. , Although the exact cause of RA pathogenesis is unknown, one of the key processes is the aberrant activation of CD4 + T cells and the imbalance of Th17/Treg, which break self-tolerance, causing persistent synovitis and gradual degradation of cartilage and subchondral bone. , At present, the clinical treatments for RA involve the use of systemic immune suppressants, either by inhibiting inflammation or by depleting specific immune cells and pro-inflammatory factors. , These treatments can delay the progression and alleviate symptoms of RA, but long-term and high-dose use of these drugs can easily lead to systemic immunosuppression, which can induce opportunistic infections or increase the risk of tumors. , Therefore, developing a novel effective approach is highly desired to improve the therapeutic efficiency of RA and minimize the side effect.…”

“…6,7 These treatments can delay the progression and alleviate symptoms of RA, but long-term and high-dose use of these drugs can easily lead to systemic immunosuppression, which can induce opportunistic infections or increase the risk of tumors. 8,9 Therefore, developing a novel effective approach is highly desired to improve the therapeutic efficiency of RA and minimize the side effect.…”

Multifunctional Selenium-Based Metal Polyphenol Nanoparticles Impede the Pathological Cross-talk Between Reactive Oxygen Species and Inflammation in Sepsis

“…Metal-phenolic networks (MPNs) are innovative multifunctional nanoplatforms with stable network structures formed through coordination interactions between natural polyphenols and metal ions. − MPNs are effective in eliminating ROS to treat various inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis . The abundance of polyphenols and metal types gives MPN S different properties and functions.…”