Biomimetic cross-reactive sensor arrays: prospects in biodiagnostics

Abstract

Biomimetic cross-reactive sensor arrays have been used to detect and analyze a wide variety of vapour and liquid components in applications such as food science, public health and safety, and diagnostics. As technology has advanced over the past three decades, these systems have become selective, sensitive, and affordable. Currently, the need for non-invasive and accurate devices for early disease diagnosis remains a challenge. This review provides an overview of the various types of Biomimetic cross-reactive sensor arrays (also referred to as electronic noses and tongues in the literature), their current use and future directions, and an outlook for future technological development.

Biomimetic Sensing

“…The Gap in Technology: Fast, Facile, and Quantifiable Detection of Analytes in Vapor and Liquid [1,2] Detection of analytes for vapor and liquid deconvolution has been performed in a variety of fields, including nutrition, toxicology, biomedicine, and chemistry. The gold standard for vapor sensing is gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which is a quantitative sample analysis that provides both the type and amount of analytes present in a sample, usually in the form of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).…”

Cutting Edge Methods for Non-Invasive Disease Diagnosis Using E-Tongue and E-Nose Devices

“…Inaccuracies due to subtle changes in surface coating, humidity, or temperature necessitate frequent calibrations. The setup, preparation, and calibration process is unfortunately delicate and time-consuming [ 67 , 129 ]. B-CRSA systems involving optical sensors have shown much promise as they provide a more facile and cost-effective way of identifying analytes while maintaining accuracy.…”

Functionalized Fluorescent Nanodots for Discrimination of Nitroaromatic Compounds

“…9−14 Most of the array-based sensors rely on optical properties, that is, absorption or luminescence behavior rather than the complicated instrumental setups like mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), etc. 15,16 Depending on the fluorescence behavior of the receptor, two different categories exist, namely, binding assay when the receptor is optically active and displacement assay when the receptor is not optically active. In the latter case, additional optically active compounds called signal transducers are employed for signal output information.…”

“…In the last two decades, array-based sensing has attracted researchers for its multidetection ability in a short period of time. − Post its foundation by the two pioneers, Anslyn’s group and Hamilton’s group, it was widely used for bioanalytes by Rotello’s group. − Several groups used that technique further for detection of analytes ranging from small molecules to tumor cells. − Most of the array-based sensors rely on optical properties, that is, absorption or luminescence behavior rather than the complicated instrumental setups like mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), etc. , Depending on the fluorescence behavior of the receptor, two different categories exist, namely, binding assay when the receptor is optically active and displacement assay when the receptor is not optically active. In the latter case, additional optically active compounds called signal transducers are employed for signal output information.…”