Biomimetic Aspects of Oral and Dentofacial Regeneration

Upadhyay, Akshaya; Pillai, Sangeeth; Khayambashi, Parisa; Sabri, Hisham; Lee, Kyungjun T.; Tarar, Maryam; Zhou, Shouming; Harb, I.; Tran, Simon D.

doi:10.3390/biomimetics5040051

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 346 publications

(346 reference statements)

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“…Biomaterials, one of the mainstays of most regenerative strategies, have proved to be able to provide excellent support to healing tissues, although they often lack the capability to impart specific cues to obtained desired responses from cells [22]. Recently, biomimetic approaches have become object of in-depth investigation, as they rely on principles of activity that are physiologically found in organisms [5]. The present study reports on the responses of primary gingival fibroblasts to a hyaluronic acid biopolymer enriched with polynucleotides (PN + HA).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most regenerative approaches are based on the use of a scaffold or matrix, which fills the gaps within the tissue, and offers a docking point and growth substrate to cell precursors [4]. Biomimetic approaches are of particular interest because they leverage the self-healing potential of tissues by relying on mechanisms that are already present in the organism [5]. Accordingly, scaffolds made of molecules that mimic the extracellular matrix are preferable, because they are somewhat already optimized for the task they have to accomplish [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Biomimetic Polynucleotides–Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Promotes Wound Healing in a Primary Gingival Fibroblast Model

et al. 2021

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Polynucleotides (PN) have long been known as an effective supportive therapy for wound healing. The present study investigated whether a hydrogel formulation containing PN and hyaluronic acid (PN + HA) could promote wound healing in an in vitro model of gingival fibroblasts. PN promoted cell growth and viability as assessed by different assays, and PN + HA, though not significantly further increasing cell growth as compared to PN, supported the formation of dense multilayered cell nodules. PN promoted fibroblasts’ clonogenic efficiency and PN + HA further enhanced the formation of more numerous dense colonies. PN + HA appeared to significantly increase the expression of collagen 1a1 and 3a1, while not affecting proteoglycans deposition. Interestingly, when tested in a scratch assay, PN + HA achieved gap closure after 48 h, while cells in the comparison groups had not completely bridged the scratch even after 96 h. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PN + HA is a promising candidate for a supportive therapy to promote soft tissue healing in the oral cavity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Biomimetic Polynucleotides–Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Promotes Wound Healing in a Primary Gingival Fibroblast Model

et al. 2021

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“…However, in spite of intensive investigations in this area of biomaterial science, approaches concerning the creation of materials with the functional characteristics of enamel and dentine still remain to be research-based, as most prospective current biomaterials are inferior to the native tissue. The main obstacle here is still the great existing difference in the functional properties of biocomposites relative to those that are inherent to hard natural tissues (low chemical tropism to the native tissue by its physical properties: mechanical strength, elasticity, optical and light emission characteristics, cytotoxicity [14][15][16][17][18]). All of these enumerated properties directly depend not only on the type of nanostructure defect and the morphology of calcium hydroxyapatite applied for their fabrication, but also on its hierarchical organization as well as on the type of interaction with the organic matrix in the biomimetic composite [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman and XANES Spectroscopic Study of the Influence of Coordination Atomic and Molecular Environments in Biomimetic Composite Materials Integrated with Dental Tissue

et al. 2021

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In this work, for the first time, the influence of the coordination environment as well as Ca and P atomic states on biomimetic composites integrated with dental tissue was investigated. Bioinspired dental composites were synthesised based on nanocrystalline calcium carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite Ca4ICa6IIPO46−xCO3x+yOH2−y (nano-cHAp) obtained from a biogenic source and a set of polar amino acids that modelled the organic matrix. Biomimetic composites, as well as natural dental tissue samples, were investigated using Raman spectromicroscopy and synchrotron X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Molecular structure and energy structure studies revealed several important features related to the different calcium atomic environments. It was shown that biomimetic composites created in order to reproduce the physicochemical properties of dental tissue provide good imitation of molecular and electron energetic properties, including the carbonate anion CO32− and the atomic Ca/P ratio in nanocrystals. The features of the molecular structure of biomimetic composites are inherited from the nano-cHAp (to a greater extent) and the amino acid cocktail used for their creation, and are caused by the ratio between the mineral and organic components, which is similar to the composition of natural enamel and dentine. In this case, violation of the nano-cHAp stoichiometry, which is the mineral basis of the natural and bioinspired composites, as well as the inclusion of different molecular groups in the nano-cHAp lattice, do not affect the coordination environment of phosphorus atoms. The differences observed in the molecular and electron energetic structures of the natural enamel and dentine and the imitation of their properties by biomimetic materials are caused by rearrangement in the local environment of the calcium atoms in the HAp crystal lattice. The surface of the nano-cHAp crystals in the natural enamel and dentine involved in the formation of bonds with the organic matrix is characterised by the coordination environment of the calcium atom, corresponding to its location in the CaI position—that is, bound through common oxygen atoms with PO4 tetrahedrons. At the same time, on the surface of nano-cHAp crystals in bioinspired dental materials, the calcium atom is characteristically located in the CaII position, bound to the hydroxyl OH group. The features detected in the atomic and molecular coordination environment in nano-cHAp play a fundamental role in recreating a biomimetic dental composite of the natural organomineral interaction in mineralised tissue and will help to find an optimal way to integrate the dental biocomposite with natural tissue.

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“… Temporal progression of fracture healing. Healing of a fracture involves a complex series of processes, which can be broadly divided into three phases: ( A ) inflammatory phase; ( B ) soft callus formation; ( C ) mineralization of callus and bone remodeling (adapted from Upadhyay et al [ 29 ]). …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogel Encapsulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derived Exosomes for Tissue Engineering

Khayambashi

Iyer

Pillai

et al. 2021

IJMS

Self Cite

107

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Tissue engineering has been an inveterate area in the field of regenerative medicine for several decades. However, there remains limitations to engineer and regenerate tissues. Targeted therapies using cell-encapsulated hydrogels, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are capable of reducing inflammation and increasing the regenerative potential in several tissues. In addition, the use of MSC-derived nano-scale secretions (i.e., exosomes) has been promising. Exosomes originate from the multivesicular division of cells and have high therapeutic potential, yet neither self-replicate nor cause auto-immune reactions to the host. To maintain their biological activity and allow a controlled release, these paracrine factors can be encapsulated in biomaterials. Among the different types of biomaterials in which exosome infusion is exploited, hydrogels have proven to be the most user-friendly, economical, and accessible material. In this paper, we highlight the importance of MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes in tissue engineering and the different biomaterial strategies used in fabricating exosome-based biomaterials, to facilitate hard and soft tissue engineering.

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Biomimetic Aspects of Oral and Dentofacial Regeneration

Cited by 24 publications

References 346 publications

A Biomimetic Polynucleotides–Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Promotes Wound Healing in a Primary Gingival Fibroblast Model

A Biomimetic Polynucleotides–Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Promotes Wound Healing in a Primary Gingival Fibroblast Model

Raman and XANES Spectroscopic Study of the Influence of Coordination Atomic and Molecular Environments in Biomimetic Composite Materials Integrated with Dental Tissue

Hydrogel Encapsulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derived Exosomes for Tissue Engineering

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