Biomimetic armour design strategies for additive manufacturing: A review

Islam, Muhammed Kamrul; Hazell, Paul J.; Escobedo, J. P.; Wang, Hongxu

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109730

Cited by 111 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…Organisms have a tissue structure that is adaptive to the environment. Understanding the diverse mechanisms by which organisms achieve exceptionally high mechanical properties may enable the development of unique, biologically inspired materials [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. In fact, bio-inspired materials with excellent functional and mechanical properties have been reported [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Changes and Mechanical Resistance of Claws and Denticles in Coconut Crabs of Different Sizes

Inoue

Oka

Nakazato

et al. 2021

Biology

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The exoskeleton of the pinching side of claws with denticles and of the outer side without them on the coconut crab, Birgus latro, which is a rare organism, were studied using a materials science approach. The mechanical resistance of three claws of different sizes was investigated along the exoskeleton thickness from the outer surface to the inner surface, and the results were compared, including the contribution of the microstructure and chemical compositions. Mechanical properties, hardness (H) and stiffness (Er), were probed through nanoindentation tests. The results showed the H, Er, microstructures, and chemical components of the exocuticle and endocuticle layers were almost the same, in a BW range of 300 g to 1650 g. At the same time, the H and Er near the surface of the denticles of a small coconut crab of 300 g were lower than those of other large coconut crabs. The microstructure of the denticles was clearly different from that of the exocuticle, but the maximum mechanical properties near their surface indicated almost the same values, Hmax = 4 GPa and Er(max) = 70 GPa, regardless of being on the pinching side or the outer side. A denticle can be regarded as a bulge of the cuticle without phosphorus and with high magnesium. The results provided novel information that expanded our knowledge about the claw microstructure of coconut crabs with different body sizes, and may be used in further studies

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Changes and Mechanical Resistance of Claws and Denticles in Coconut Crabs of Different Sizes

Inoue

Oka

Nakazato

et al. 2021

Biology

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“…[127] Recent advances in rapid, multimaterial 3D printing, on the other hand, have enabled us to fabricate 3D architectures with nearly arbitrary shapes utilizing the same material composition and feature size. Utilizing this approach, impact and fracture resistance of different structural motifs can be compared systematically and some quantitative results can be found in references [65,86,127,201,[207][208][209] (Figure 20). For example, the layered structure was found to take great advantage of interlayer shear deformation for energy dissipation and flexibility, while wrapping layered structures into concentric hexagon shows an impressive balance between energy dissipation, stiffness, strength, and toughness (Figure 20a).…”

Section: Select the Most Suitable Materials Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Biomineralized Materials as Model Systems for Structural Composites: 3D Architecture

Jia

Deng

2022

Advanced Materials

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Biomineralized materials are sophisticated material systems with hierarchical 3D material architectures, which are broadly used as model systems for fundamental mechanical, materials science, and biomimetic studies. The current knowledge of the structure of biological materials is mainly based on 2D imaging, which often impedes comprehensive and accurate understanding of the materials’ intricate 3D microstructure and consequently their mechanics, functions, and bioinspired designs. The development of 3D techniques such as tomography, additive manufacturing, and 4D testing has opened pathways to study biological materials fully in 3D. This review discusses how applying 3D techniques can provide new insights into biomineralized materials that are either well known or possess complex microstructures that are challenging to understand in the 2D framework. The diverse structures of biomineralized materials are characterized based on four universal structural motifs. Nacre is selected as an example to demonstrate how the progression of knowledge from 2D to 3D can bring substantial improvements to understanding the growth mechanism, biomechanics, and bioinspired designs. State‐of‐the‐art multiscale 3D tomographic techniques are discussed with a focus on their integration with 3D geometric quantification, 4D in situ experiments, and multiscale modeling. Outlook is given on the emerging approaches to investigate the synthesis–structure–function–biomimetics relationship.

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“…Naturally occurring organisms, like coconut crabs, are not designed, they have been shaped by adaptation as well as phylogenetic and developmental constraints. Biomineralized tissues and structures are a valuable source of design concepts for man-made materials [1,2]. In fact, bio-inspired materials with excellent functional and mechanical properties continue to be reported [3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Columnar Structure of Claw Denticles in the Coconut Crab, Birgus latro

et al. 2022

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Some decapod crustaceans have tooth-like white denticles that exist only on the pinching side of claws. We revealed the denticle microstructure in the coconut crab, Birgus latro, using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and a focused ion beam (FIB)-SEM. Three-dimensional analysis and fracture surface observation were performed in order to clarify the microstructural differences in two mineralized layers—the exocuticle and the endocuticle. The denticles consist of a columnar structure normal to the surface and are covered with a very thin epicuticle and an exocuticle with a twisted plywood pattern structure. Due to abrasion, the exocuticle layer was lost in the wide area above the large denticles; conversely, these layers remained on the surface of the relatively small denticles and on the base of the denticle. The results showed that the mineralized exoskeleton of the crab’s claw is classified into three structures: a twisted plywood pattern structure stacked parallel to the surface for the exocuticle, a porous structure with many regularly arranged pores vertical to the surface for the endocuticle, and a columnar structure vertical to the surface for the denticle.

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Biomimetic armour design strategies for additive manufacturing: A review

Cited by 111 publications

References 156 publications

Structural Changes and Mechanical Resistance of Claws and Denticles in Coconut Crabs of Different Sizes

Structural Changes and Mechanical Resistance of Claws and Denticles in Coconut Crabs of Different Sizes

Biomineralized Materials as Model Systems for Structural Composites: 3D Architecture

Columnar Structure of Claw Denticles in the Coconut Crab, Birgus latro

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