Biometry and visual function of a healthy cohort in Leipzig, Germany

Abstract

BackgroundCross-sectional survey of ocular biometry and visual function in healthy eyes across the life span of a German population aged 20 to 69 years (n = 218). Subject number in percent per age category reflected the percentage within the respective age band of the population of Leipzig, Germany.MethodsMeasurements obtained: subjective and objective refraction, best-corrected visual acuity, accommodation, contrast sensitivity, topography and pachymetry with Scheimpflug camera, axial length with non-contact partial coherence interferometry, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the retina. Pearson correlation coefficients with corresponding p-values were given to present interrelationships between stature, biometric and refractive parameters or their associations with age. Two-sample T-tests were used to calculate gender differences. The area under the logarithmic contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) was calculated for the analysis of contrast sensitivity as a single figure across a range of spatial frequencies.ResultsThe results of axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and anterior chamber volume (ACV) differed as a function of the age of the participants (rho (p value): AL −0.19 (0.006), ACD −0.56 (< 0.001), ACV-0.52 (< 0.001)). Longer eyes had deeper ACD (AL:ACD 0.62 (< 0.001), greater ACV (AL:ACV 0.65 (< 0.001) and steeper corneal radii (AL:R1ant; R2ant; R1post; R2post 0.40; 0.35; 0.36; 0.36 (all with (< 0.001)). Spherical equivalent was associated with age (towards hyperopia: 0.34 (< 0.001)), AL (−0.66 (< 0.001)), ACD (−0.52 (< 0.001)) and ACV (−0.46 (< 0.001)). Accommodation was found lower for older subjects (negative association with age, r = −0.82 (< 0.001)) and contrast sensitivity presented with smaller values for older ages (AULCSF −0.38, (< 0.001)), no change of retinal thickness with age. 58 % of the study cohort presented with a change of refractive correction above ±0.50 D in one or both eyes (64 % of these were habitual spectacle wearers), need for improvement was present in the young age-group and for older subjects with increasing age.ConclusionBiometrical data of healthy German eyes, stratified by age, gender and refractive status, enabled cross-comparison of all parameters, providing an important reference database for future patient-based research and specific in-depth investigations of biometric data in epidemiological research.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov # NCT01173614 July 28, 2010

Refractive error and biometrics of anterior segment of eyes of healthy young university students in Japan

“…A deeper anterior chamber in myopic subjects has been reported to be present in middle age and elderly individuals in many studies 13,29,32,36,37 . However, the relationship between the central corneal thickness and myopia is contradictory.…”

“…However, the relationship between the central corneal thickness and myopia is contradictory. Some studies reported that the central corneal thickness was not significantly correlated with the myopia 33,36,38,39 , other studies reported that there was a positive correlation between the central corneal thickness and the myopia 19,40 , and other studies reported a negative correlation between them 20,22,24 . Although, studies that reported a significant correlation between the central corneal thickness and refractive error, the correlation coefficients were relatively weak, and the significant correlation was seen in only the simple linear regression analysis.…”

Age‐related axial length changes in adults: a review

“…A good agreement with axial length changes is seen (Figure 2a), with r 2 = 0.486 (P < 0.001) by using body length and education levels for the period 1910-1990, averaged across all of the countries involved, into the model. Since body length and education both increased with year of birth, special care had to be taken to handle the strong non-causal correlation between them (Pearson r = 0.845) when considering the model with either body length or 6 Hong Kong 182 40-75 A-scan Yes (↓) Ooi 14 New Zealand 96 19-61 A-scan No Wong 7 Singapore 1004 40-81 A-scan Yes (↓) Wickremasinghe 15 Mongolia 1617 40-70+ A-scan No Gudmundsdottir 8 Iceland 757 50-96 A-scan Yes (↓) Shufelt 9 USA 5588 40-80+ A-scan Yes (↓) Warrier 17 Myanmar 1498 40-70+ A-scan No He 18 China 1196 50-93 A-scan No Lee 10 USA 1967 58-100 Optical Yes (↓) Foster 11 UK 2519 48-48 Optical Yes (↓) Fotedar 12 Australia 1321 59-85+ Optical Yes (↓) Nangia 19,34 India 3397 30-100 A-scan Yes (↑) Hashemi 13 Iran 4869 40-64 Optical Yes (↓) Zocher 20 Germany 218 21-69 Optical No He 21 China 6099 Optical No Figure 1. Overview of articles reporting axial length as a function of age based on the cross-section of a population.…”

“…Overview of articles reporting axial length as a function of age based on the cross-section of a population. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][17][18][19][20][21] education level. For this reason, as well as the widely varying ranges in year of birth between studies, both parameters were averaged into 5 cm bins for body length ( Figure 2b) and 2-year bins for education level.…”

Comparison of Axial Ocular Measurements with Contact and Non-contact Biometry

“…Continuous flattening of anterior chamber (AC) and ocular crystalline lens Correspondence to: Muhammad Arslan Ashraf BS Vision Sciences, Email: rajkumararslan@yahoo.com thickening is the best example of such structural changes with increasing age. 1 In current century, advances in cataract surgery techniques have made ocular biometry more and more important. Instead of advancement in cataract surgery techniques, the accuracy is still dependent on precise biometry technique.…”