Biometric and Forensic Aspects of Digital Document Processing

Abstract

Abstract. Signatures and handwriting have long played a role in dayto-day business transactions and in forensics, e.g., to authenticate documents, as evidence to establish crime or innocence, etc. The individuality of handwriting and signatures is the basis for their relevance to authentication and forensics. This very individuality makes them also potentially useful as a biometric modality. This chapter is concerned with automatic methods for verifying the writership of handwritten documents and signatures. The discussion consists of the individuality of handwriting, image pre-processing and interactive tools for forensic document examination, discriminating characteristics of handwriting, a statistical model of writer verification, and application of the model to signature verification.

Feature Discretization for Individuality Representation in Twins Handwritten Identification

“…Handwriting has long been considered one of the means of presenting a person's individualistic nature and the writer's individuality rests on the hypothesis that each individual has consistent handwriting (Srihari et al, 2007;. The relation of the characters, words and the shape or style of writing is very similar between a pair of twin.…”

“…Eight features use in our experiment it is (entropy of grey values, binarization threshold, number of black pixels, number of interior contours, number of exterior contours, average height , average slant and average stroke width). We have chosen Macro-Features because features that capture the global characteristics of the writer's individual writing habit and style can be regarded to be macro-features (Srihari et al, 2007). More details on the procedure of the macro-feature algorithm can be found in (Sargur et al, 2008;Srihari et al, 2001;.…”

“…Handwriting analysis is an essential branch of the pattern recognition field as it has an important purpose in the courtroom and forensic document investigations (Sargur et al, 2008;Tan et al, 2010;Srihari et al, 2007), Signature identification (Li and Tan, 2009) as well as Iris recognition (Chowhan and Shinde, 2008). A person's handwriting is usually affected by many personal elements such as self training history plus physiological and psychological state and nature which makes distinguishing the handwriting of a pair of twins a form of study with utmost importance.…”

Impact of time variability in off-line writer identification and verification

“…On the other hand, the use of handwritten text to identify a person has also received significant interest, mainly due to its application in forensic casework (e.g. crimson notes) [3] and historic document authorship analysis.…”

Repudiation Detection in Handwritten Documents

“…In forensic science, the primary role of handwriting analysis is in the problem of Questioned Document Examination(QDE) [1,2]. Determination of authorship of a document is the main task in QDE, where one has to decide whether a pair of documents, the questioned document (one whose origin is unknown) and the reference document (one whose origin might be known), were written by the same writer or not.…”