Biomethane

Abstract

Climate change, environmental impact and the limited natural resources urge scientific research and novel technical solutions. The monograph series Green Energy and Technology serves as a publishing platform for scientific and technological approaches to "green"-i.e. environmentally friendly and sustainable-technologies. While a focus lies on energy and power supply, it also covers "green" solutions in industrial engineering and engineering design. Green Energy and Technology addresses researchers, advanced students, technical consultants as well as decision makers in industries and politics. Hence, the level of presentation spans from instructional to highly technical.

Effects of the spatial distribution of CO2 dilution on localised forced ignition of stoichiometric CH4 - CO2 - air mixtures

“…Interest in alternative fuel solutions has increased over the years, and the transportation industry and governments are making a concerted effort to move to renewable and eco-friendly solutions to meet ever more stringent emissions and pollution standards (Patterson et al, 2011;Mustafi et al, 2020;Koonaphapdeelert et al, 2020;Korberg et al, 2020;Rafiee et al, 2021). Despite electric vehicles being heralded as the future of the industry, the use of the internal combustion engine is expected to play a dominant role for the upcoming decades due to existing investment in such technologies along with its widespread use.…”

Markers for the Comparison of the Performances of Anoxic Biotrickling Filters in Biogas Desulphurisation: A Critical Review

“…Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a biological process where solid organic matter originated in the agriculture and livestock industry, among others, is used to obtain biogas containing methane (CH 4 ), which in quantities of~65% is burned to produce bioenergy as heat and electricity in cogeneration engines [1]. The world's biggest waste sources used in AD come from rice farming, corn farming, and wheat.…”

“…Among them, the major energy crops for biogas production are maize silage and grass, followed by lignocellulosic residues or other plant biomass in general (rich in lignin content) from sources such as banana plants (leftover banana trees, flowers, leaves), palm oil residues after harvest, sugar and palm oil refinement processes (that produce large quantities of fibrous lignocellulosic biomass), forestry residues, coffee pulp, and field residues such as corn stover [2]. AD is conducted by breaking up the organic matter (anaerobically) generating biogas, mainly composed of methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), with a lower concentration of hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S), ammonium (NH 3 ), and other trace compounds [1].…”

“…AD is carried out by several groups of bacteria and methanogenic archaea in four stages: hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis, CH 4 is produced in the last stage [1]. In the intermediate stages of AD, H 2 S is produced from the degradation of proteins containing sulphur-rich amino acids and from the sulphate reduction (SO 4 2− ).…”

“…Biofilters for gas treatment are devices in which a residual gas current containing pollutants is passed through a packing material containing bacteria immobilized as biofilms capable of metabolizing the pollutants (like H 2 S in biogas) [15]. There are two groups of biofilters: (1) open biofilters: usually a box with packing material containing the biofilms inside which is open to the atmosphere, in which parameters such as temperature, humidity, and the purity of the microbial cultures are difficult to control as they are weather dependent (due to rain and temperature fluctuation, among others); and (2) closed biofilters: in which the biofilmcontaining packing material is inside a closed container (usually made of steel or plastic), making it easier to control parameters such as culture media flow, nutrients, gas flow, temperature, and humidity [16]. Biofiltration is considered more environmentally and economically friendly than physical-chemical methods, as it requires significantly lower chemical use and energy consumption, which translates into a low carbon footprint and lower costs [14].…”