Biomedical porous TiNbZrFe alloys fabricated using NH₄HCO₃as pore forming agent through powder metallurgy route

Abstract

Fe 5.32 (wt-%, referred to as TNZF) alloys with high strength and low modulus were successfully fabricated by space holder method through adding ammonium hydrogen carbonate (NH 4 HCO 3 ). Results show that the fabricated porous TNZF alloys are of b type titanium alloy with adjustable pore characteristics and mechanical properties. Varied amount of NH 4 HCO 3 exerts significant effects on phase constituents, pore characteristics and mechanical properties of the porous alloys. Fracture mechanism of the porous alloys, which is different from the typical brittle fracture as a result of high porosity, exhibits transgranular fracture accompanied with cleavage steps. Strain increased even under low stress during the compressive deformation, demonstrating that the porous alloys possess certain ductility. The porous TNZF alloys with a porosity of 39-53%, an average pore size of 300-800 mm and a compressive modulus of 7-16 GPa and a compressive strength of 117-204 MPa can well meet the requirements of biomedical implant materials.

Powder Metallurgy Strategies to Improve Properties and Processing of Titanium Alloys: A Review

“…Moreover, tailored microstructure could be obtained by controlling sintering and crystallizing of amorphous titanium alloy powder . Several studies achieved fine and ultrafine equiaxed grained composite microstructure showing enhanced mechanical properties …”

Nitrogen‐Doped Graphitic Porous Carbon Nanosheets Derived from In Situ Formed g‐C3N4 Templates for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

“…[4a, f, 6b, 7] However,o wing to the sublimation of the precursors at high temperatures, the N-doping level in the resultant carbon materials is usuallyl ow. [8] To improvet he porosity and surface area of such carbon materials, the use of templates (e.g.,s ilica, [4p] ice, [4o] polyaniline [9] )a nd pore-forminga gents( NH 4 Cl [10] and NaHCO 3 [11] )w as recently developed. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 )i saquasi-two-dimensional organic nonmetallic semiconductor (see the Supporting Information).…”

Microstructure and Properties of Porous High-N Ni-Free Austenitic Stainless Steel Fabricated by Powder Metallurgical Route

“…There are both large amount of interconnected porous in three-dimensional space, as shown in Figure 2 b. According to the research by Li et al [ 4 ], such microstructures will promote the biocompatibility of the potential porous biomaterials. An interconnected porous structure is beneficial for cell ingrowths and body fluid transport [ 4 ].…”

“…According to the research by Li et al [ 4 ], such microstructures will promote the biocompatibility of the potential porous biomaterials. An interconnected porous structure is beneficial for cell ingrowths and body fluid transport [ 4 ]. Porous structure prepared by powder metallurgical methods is also good for reducing elastic modulus, thus reducing mismatch between implant and bone tissue.…”

“…They can be used in numerous applications, such as lightweight constituents, filters, biomedical implant materials, vibration dampers and heat exchangers [ 2 ]. In porous materials, the mechanical properties, including density, compressive strength, and elastic modulus, can be adjusted by controlling the preparation parameters and the porosity [ 3 , 4 ]. Stainless steel foams have been made through several methods, and the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance have been researched [ 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 7 ], showing good potential to be a good alternative for metal foams in applications that require lightweight, excellent mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance.…”