Biomedical Applications of Electrospun Graphene Oxide

Abstract

Graphene oxide (GO) has broad potential in the biomedical sector. The oxygen-abundant nature of GO means the material is hydrophilic and readily dispersible in water. GO has also been known to improve cell proliferation, drug loading, and antimicrobial properties of composites. Electrospun composites likewise have great potential for biomedical applications because they are generally biocompatible and bioresorbable, possess low immune rejection risk, and can mimic the structure of the extracellular matrix. In the current review, GO-containing electrospun composites for tissue engineering applications are described in detail. In addition, electrospun GO-containing materials for their use in drug and gene delivery, wound healing, and biomaterials/medical devices have been examined. Good biocompatibility and anionic-exchange properties of GO make it an ideal candidate for drug and gene delivery systems. Drug/gene delivery applications for electrospun GO composites are described with a number of examples. Various systems using electrospun GO-containing therapeutics have been compared for their potential uses in cancer therapy. Micro- to nanosized electrospun fibers for wound healing applications and antimicrobial applications are explained in detail. Applications of various GO-containing electrospun composite materials for medical device applications are listed. It is concluded that the electrospun GO materials will find a broad range of biomedical applications such as cardiac patches, medical device coatings, sensors, and triboelectric nanogenerators for motion sensing and biosensing.

Electrospun Nanofibers: Materials, Synthesis Parameters, and Their Role in Sensing Applications

“…[147] Nowadays, considerable advances in the electroconductive graphene-based nanofiller have been made for many applications in science and technology but not limited to energy conversion and storage, biomedical applications, etc. [148,149] However, the loading of graphene solution in the electrospinning setup is a very tough task. In general, two methods have been used; one is solution bending/melt mixing or in situ polymerization technique.…”

Effects of Low-Concentration Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots on Improving the Proliferation and Differentiation Ability of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells through the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway

“… 8 Graphene oxide nanosheets can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli , preventing the aggravation of wound infection. 8 As a derivative of graphene, graphene oxide (GO) has become one of the most promising carbonaceous materials for cancer therapy due to its versatile surface chemistry and easy functionalization. 9 Graphene and its derivatives can bring the desired electrical stimulation to cellular osteogenic activity and bone formation and facilitate the adsorption of active substances.…”

“…Our research team has made a preliminary exploration of the mechanism of graphene derivatives promoting bone formation and conducted in vitro experimental research. 8 , 23 Based on our previous research, this study systematically evaluated low-concentration nanoscale GOQDs. In vitro experiments were carried out at the same time, and preliminary exploration of in vivo experiments was conducted to provide new ideas and schemes for repairing bone tissue defects with nanomaterials.…”

Targeted inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation by a graphene oxide-loaded aptamer/berberine bifunctional complex

“…Graphene oxide (GO), a single atomic layered carbon material, has been used widely to construct carrier system for drug delivery owing to its advantages of low cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility, and stable storage (Sharma & Mondal, 2020 ; Grant et al., 2021 ). GO has an ultrahigh specific surface area for binding plenty of molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, liposomes, and certain drugs via π-stacking interactions or chemical coupling (Kozik et al., 2019 ; Mousavi et al., 2019 ; Chaudhary et al., 2021 ).…”