Biomechanics of traumatic brain injury

Sayed, Tamer El; Mota, Alejandro; Fraternali, Fernando; Ortiz, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.cma.2008.06.006

Cited by 142 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…12 While concussion is inherently a mechanically-induced injury, efforts to determine its underlying biomechanical mechanisms have been inconclusive. 7,[23][24][25] Attempts to correlate injury with kinematic input variables such as peak acceleration or the Head Injury Criterion have proven inadequate in their ability to accurately predict the occurrence of concussion. 7,26,27 Similarly, efforts to identify metabolic factors that predispose an individual to concussion have also remained elusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionally-Detected Cognitive Impairment in High School Football Players without Clinically-Diagnosed Concussion

Talavage

Nauman²,

Breedlove³

et al. 2014

Journal of Neurotrauma

523

486

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Head trauma and concussion in football players have recently received considerable media attention. Postmortem evidence suggests that accrual of damage to the brain may occur with repeated blows to the head, even when the individual blows fail to produce clinical symptoms. There is an urgent need for improved detection and characterization of head trauma to reduce future injury risk and promote development of new therapies. In this study we examined neurological performance and health in the presence of head collision events in high school football players, using longitudinal measures of collision events (the HIT Ô System), neurocognitive testing (ImPACT, and functional magnetic resonance imaging MRI (fMRI). Longitudinal assessment (including baseline) was conducted in 11 young men (ages 15-19 years) participating on the varsity and junior varsity football teams at a single high school. We expected and observed subjects in two previously described categories: (1) no clinically-diagnosed concussion and no changes in neurological behavior, and (2) clinically-diagnosed concussion with changes in neurological behavior. Additionally, we observed players in a previously undiscovered third category, who exhibited no clinically-observed symptoms associated with concussion, but who demonstrated measurable neurocognitive (primarily visual working memory) and neurophysiological (altered activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [DLPFC]) impairments. This new category was associated with significantly higher numbers of head collision events to the top-front of the head, directly above the DLPFC. The discovery of this new category suggests that more players are suffering neurological injury than are currently being detected using traditional concussion-assessment tools. These individuals are unlikely to undergo clinical evaluation, and thus may continue to participate in football-related activities, even when changes in brain physiology (and potential brain damage) are present, which will increase the risk of future neurological injury.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionally-Detected Cognitive Impairment in High School Football Players without Clinically-Diagnosed Concussion

Talavage

Nauman²,

Breedlove³

et al. 2014

Journal of Neurotrauma

523

486

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lastly, the loading of the apparatus was limited in that it generated a rectangular incident wave with relatively short duration (~0.45 ms) as a result of the elastic aluminum striker and incident bars. Whereas the desired loading has a similar shape and duration to the primary pressure wave observed in the frontal region of the cranial cavity as a result of the wave transmission of the primary blast wave into the cranial cavity [3,16,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Three Apparatus Design Iterationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A compressive pulse propagating through the fluid would also be within the measurable range of the pressure transducer mounted in the side of the chamber, and could be used for validating fluid pressure changes. Another reason for using a compressive pulse was to mimic the conditions expected in blast exposure where the initial wave transmitted into the cranial cavity is compressive (primary pressure wave), therefore further replicating the nature of blast exposure conditions [3,16,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. The compressive pulse (incident wave) from the incident bar was transmitted into the fluid and through the back-wall of the chamber.…”

Section: Three Apparatus Design Iterationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regards to intracranial fluid cavitation, a number of studies have shown that negative pressures can occur in the cranium at the opposite side of the initial site of wave transmission during blast exposure [3,16,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], leading investigators to question: (1) does the greater acoustic impedance of the skull compared to its surroundings cause the negative pressures in the cranial cavity, and (2) can the negative pressures generate cavitation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This paper presents a novel apparatus that can generate localized cavitation in a fluid through high-rate dynamic loading comparable to blast exposure, as a precursor to investigate its effects on the cranial cavity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Polymeric Hopkinson Bar-Confinement Chamber Apparatus to Evaluate Fluid Cavitation

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mild traumatic brain injury associated with blast exposure is an important issue, and cavitation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been suggested as a potential injury mechanism; however, physical measurements are required to evaluate cavitation thresholds. Modifications to a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) apparatus were investigated with the aim to generate localized fluid cavitation and measure the cavitation threshold of fluids. The proposed design incorporated a novel closed cavitation chamber to generate localized cavitation resulting from a reflected compression pulse, which was generated by a spherical steel striker and Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) incident bar. A numerical model of the incident bar was developed and validated with 24 independent tests (cross-correlation: 0.970-0.997), and this was extended to a numerical model of the apparatus including the chamber, validated with 27 independent tests (cross-correlation: 0.921) to predict the tensile fluid pressure in the chamber. Tests on distilled water were performed with comparable numerical results for the chamber strain (R 2 : 0.875) and chamber end-wall velocity (R 2 : 0.992). The pressure in the chamber was determined from the model to avoid introducing a nucleation site via a pressure gauge, and was verified with a firstorder approximation showing good agreement (R 2 : 0.892). The 50% probability of cavitation for distilled water was −3.32 MPa ±3%, comparable to values in the literature. This novel apparatus, including a closed confinement chamber integrated with a polymeric SHPB apparatus was able to create localized fluid cavitation with loading comparable to blast exposure. Future studies will include the measurement of CSF cavitation pressure.

show abstract

“…The results suggested that significantly lower values of the shear properties of the human brain than currently used in most 3D FE models were needed to predict the localized brain response of an impact to the human head. Sayed et al 5 used FE model to explore traumatic brain injury and soft tissue damage by frontal and oblique head impacts with external objects. The dynamic behavior of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid were studied according to external injuries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic analysis of the human brain with complex cerebral sulci

Tseng

Huang

et al. 2016

Bioengineered

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

(2016) Dynamic analysis of the human brain with complex cerebral sulci, Bioengineered, 7:4, 219-225, DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2016 ABSTRACTThe brain is one of the most vulnerable organs inside the human body. Head accidents often appear in daily life and are easy to cause different level of brain damage inside the skull. Once the brain suffered intense locomotive impact, external injuries, falls, or other accidents, it will result in different degrees of concussion. This study employs finite element analysis to compare the dynamic characteristics between the geometric models of an assumed simple brain tissue and a brain tissue with complex cerebral sulci. It is aimed to understand the free vibration of the internal brain tissue and then to protect the brain from injury caused by external influences. Reverse engineering method is used for a Classic 5-Part Brain (C18) model produced by 3B Scientific Corporation. 3D optical scanner is employed to scan the human brain structure model with complex cerebral sulci and imported into 3D graphics software to construct a solid brain model to simulate the real complex brain tissue. Obtaining the normal mode analysis by inputting the material properties of the true human brain into finite element analysis software, and then to compare the simplified and the complex of brain models.

show abstract

Biomechanics of traumatic brain injury

Cited by 142 publications

References 33 publications

Functionally-Detected Cognitive Impairment in High School Football Players without Clinically-Diagnosed Concussion

Functionally-Detected Cognitive Impairment in High School Football Players without Clinically-Diagnosed Concussion

Polymeric Hopkinson Bar-Confinement Chamber Apparatus to Evaluate Fluid Cavitation

Dynamic analysis of the human brain with complex cerebral sulci

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About