Biomechanical Experiments with Animals on Abdominal Tolerance Levels

Gögler, E.; Best, Aaron N.; Braess, Hans-Hermann; Burst, H E; Laschet, Gottfried

doi:10.4271/770931

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In his review of biomechanical data for children, Stürtz (1980) considers two publications of interest for the biomechanical load limits of the overall abdomen in children: the studies by Kallieris et al (1976) and by Gögler et al (1977). Kallieris et al (1976) ran four frontal sled tests with four cadavers of children aged 2.5, 6, 6 and 11 years.…”

Section: Abdomen As a Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cadavers were restrained by means of a lap-belt around a semi-cylindrically shaped safety table that supported the abdominal region during impact. Gögler et al (1977) subjected 12 Göttingen mini pigs to abdominal impact by means of projecting them into various rear end configurations of a Porsche 911. The mini pigs were said to correspond to an 8 -12 year old child.…”

Section: Abdomen As a Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pediatric Thoracoabdominal Biomechanics

Kent

Salzar

Kerrigan

et al. 2009

SAE Technical Paper Series

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

No experimental data exist quantifying the force-deformation behavior of the pediatric chest when subjected to non-impact, dynamic loading from a diagonal belt or a distributed loading surface. Kent et al. (2006) previously published juvenile abdominal response data collected using a porcine model. This paper reports on a series of experiments on a 7-year-old pediatric post-mortem human subject (PMHS) undertaken to guide the scaling of existing adult thoracic response data for application to the child and to assess the validity of the porcine abdominal model. The pediatric PMHS exhibited abdominal response similar to the swine, including the degree of rate sensitivity. The upper abdomen of the PMHS was slightly stiffer than the porcine behavior, while the lower abdomen of the PMHS fit within the porcine corridor. Scaling of adult thoracic response data using any of four published techniques did not successfully predict the pediatric behavior. All of the scaling techniques intrinsically reduce the stiffness of the adult response, when in reality the pediatric subject was as stiff as, or slightly more stiff than, published adult corridors. An assessment of age-related changes in thoracic stiffness indicated that for both a CPR patient population and dynamic diagonal belt loading on a PMHS population, the effective stiffness of the chest increases through the fourth decade of life and then decreases, resulting in stiffness values approximately the same for children and for elderly adults. Additional research is needed to elucidate the generality of this finding and to assess its significance for scaling adult data to represent pediatric responses.

show abstract

Section: Abdomen As a Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Abdomen As a Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Thoracoabdominal Biomechanics

Kent

Salzar

Kerrigan

et al. 2009

SAE Technical Paper Series

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In one of the earlier tests, mini-pigs corresponding to an 8-12 year old child were accelerated into the rear end of a vehicle with several variations of a rear spoiler [192]. From these tests, a tolerance of 981 N for AIS3 abdominal injury was suggested.…”

Section: Whole Body Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Biomechanics

Arbogast¹,

Maltese²

2014

Accidental Injury

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the human postnatal developmental process, extensive tissue and morphological changes occur. Many take place in the first few years of life but substantial development for several body regions continues well into young adulthood. Along with overall change in size, these material and structural changes influence the biomechanical response of child such that they respond differently to traumatic load than an adult. Understanding the unique biomechanical response of the child is challenging, as compared to the wealth of biomechanical data on the adult response to trauma, pediatric biomechanical data are relatively sparse. As a result, quantitative scaling relationships based on anatomical and material differences have been historically used to understand the biomechanics of the child. The last decade, however, has seen a tremendous increase in contributions to the biomechanics literature based upon pediatric subjects -volunteers, postmortem human subjects, and animal models -thus increasing our knowledge of how to design injury mitigation systems to protect the young.In this chapter, aspects of developmental anatomy and biomechanical knowledge are reviewed to provide context for pediatric human injury prediction. Emphasis is initially placed on the head and brain as this body region represents the most common seriously injured body region for children in virtually all unintentional injury modes. Specifically, head injuries are particularly relevant clinically as the developing brain is difficult to evaluate and treat, and even mild brain injuries in childhood can lead to deficits that remain long after the injury. Discussion follows on the cervical spine and thorax as these body regions are not only important from an injury mitigation standpoint but they govern the kinematics of the head during traumatic loading and therefore play a role in head injury protection. A brief description follows for the other body regions: the abdomen

show abstract