“…19,27,32,35,37 Biomechanical studies have improved our understanding of the best fixation techniques to reduce the risk of nonunion. 5,6,8,14,17,24,25,30,33,34 Failure of revision procedures has also been reported with relatively high rates and occasionally below-knee amputation is the final salvage operation. 1,11,21,28,31,38 Even when arthrodesis is successful, postoperative complications are common and patients occasionally report high levels of pain postoperatively.…”