Biomechanical effects of splint types on traumatized tooth: a photoelastic stress analysis

Abstract

This study was undertaken to assess the effect of splint type on stresses occurring around traumatized tooth by photoelastic stress analysis. Three semi-rigid splint types--a wire-composite splint, fiberglass splint and titanium trauma splint--were utilized for comparisons. Extracted left upper central and lateral incisors and the canine tooth of an otherwise healthy patient were embedded equidistantly in photoelastic resin. For all cases studied, a static axial and 20 degrees oblique force of 100 N was applied on the lateral incisor in separate sessions. The experiments were undertaken without any splint application (unsplinted, control) after which the splints, adhesively bonded to the labial aspects of teeth, were consecutively tested. During each loading sequence, generation of isochromatic fringes was observed in the field of a polariscope, and photographed by a digital camera. Quantification of fringes was performed on magnified images, transferred to a PC. Under vertical loading, the highest stresses in the apical regions were observed for the unsplinted and ribbond-splint groups, whereas the lowest fringes occurred with the use of orthodontic wire as a splinting medium. Titanium trauma splint had absolutely no effect on reduction of stresses, as the fringe orders were slightly higher than the unsplinted lateral tooth. The use of orthodontic wire resulted in lowest fringe orders around the traumatized tooth.

Rigidity evaluation of quartz‐fiber splints compared with wire‐composite splints

“…All four QSs produced higher SpErels (QS1 PT: 32 To our knowledge, no 'gold standard' or official norm exists for splint rigidity classification. All four QSs produced higher SpErels (QS1 PT: 32 To our knowledge, no 'gold standard' or official norm exists for splint rigidity classification.…”

“…Influence of splint type on splint rigidity (P-values) ruptured fiber apparatus and hematoma within the widened periodontal gap. Various different methods have been introduced for evaluating tooth mobility (3,(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). As a parameter for evaluating rigidity properties of dental trauma splints, the splint effect can be calculated as the difference of initial tooth mobility and mobility after splint insertion (3,10,(16)(17)(18).…”

The effect of splint material and thickness on tooth mobility after extraction and replantation using a human cadaveric model

“…Mandel and Viidik (12) demonstrated that the PDL achieved 70% of its original strength 14 days after extraction and replantation. Current literature has reinforced the importance of using a flexible splint to stabilize the teeth, allowing physiological movement of the traumatized teeth (7,(13)(14)(15). Based on all the available evidence, current treatment guidelines for traumatized permanent teeth recommend the use of a flexible splint, regardless of the type of trauma (16)(17)(18).…”

Surgical extrusion of a crown-root fractured tooth: 3.5-year follow-up

“…Orthodontic wire and bracket splints, fibre splints and titanium trauma splints are also known as semi-rigid splinting techniques. 19,20 In the case presented, splinting of the tooth with an orthodontic wire and brackets was found to be very effective. Placement of a medium thick 0.016 x 0.022-inch stainless steel orthodontic wire in 0.018 x 0.025-inch slots of brackets and tubes provides ease of semi-rigid splinting.…”