Biomechanical effect with respect to the sagittal positioning of the femoral component in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Mechanical Engineering Reviews

et al. 2020

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Computational models have been widely used for more than four decades to evaluate the mechanical behavior of knee joint arthroplasty. Validated computational models provide a virtual platform to develop optimal articular surfaces which achieve desired implant characteristics. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the computational models available to represent knee joint arthroplasty. A brief overview of knee joint anatomy and arthroplasty is provided, followed by computational model development techniques. Use of the computational models in development of knee joint arthroplasty and pre-or post-clinical evaluation is summarized. This review paper presents current modeling capabilities for implant design and stability, with further suggestions for studying the performance of implants on a population level. However, simulations must include closely corroborated multi-domain analysis in order to account for real-life variability.

Section: Application Of Computational Simulation In Pre-or Post-clinimentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational biomechanics of knee joint arthroplasty : a review

Kang

Mechanical Engineering Reviews

et al. 2020

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“…In this study, an existing three-dimensional nonlinear FE model of the knee joint based on data from four male subjects ( used. The FE model was developed using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging data with a slice thikness of 0.1mm and 0.4mm slice, respectively (16,17) and included the bony structures of the knee joint and the soft tissues of the PF and tibiofemoral (TF) joint anatomies. The articular cartilage and menisci were de ned as isotropic linearly elastic materials and transversely isotropic and linearly elastic materials, respectively (18).…”

Section: Normal Knee Joint Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Fig. 1) The bone models were imported and appropriately positioned, trimmed, and meshed with rigid elements according to the surgical techniques (16). The tibial component was de ned as a square (0°) inclination in the coronal plane, with a 5° posterior slope.…”

Section: Normal Knee Joint Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of contact stress on patellarfemoral joint and quadriceps force in fixed and mobile-bearing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Kwon

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an effective treatment for end-stage, symptomatic unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee joint. However, patellofemoral joint degeneration is a contraindication to medial UKA. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical effect of medial UKA using fixed-bearing (FB) and mobile-bearing (MB) design prostheses on the patellofemoral joint. Methods A three-dimensional finite-element model of a normal knee joint was developed using medical image data. We performed statistical analysis for each model. The differences in contact stress on the patellofemoral joint and the quadriceps force between the FB and MB designs were evaluated under a deep-knee-bend condition.Results At an early flexion angle, the results of contact stress showed no significant difference between the FB and MB medial UKA models and the intact model. However, at large flexion angles, we observed a significant increase in contact stress with the FB models. On the contrary, in the case of the MB models, we found no statistically significant increment compared with the intact model. Our results indicate that with medial UKA, the contact stress increased and greater quadriceps force was applied to the patellofemoral joint. However, performing UKA on a patellofemoral joint with osteoarthritis should not be difficult, unless anterior knee pain is present, because the increase in contact stress is negligible. Conclusions Our results show no significant difference in contact stress on the patellofemoral joint between the medial UKA and intact knee joint models. Such a mechanism was easily found in MB medial UKA. Therefore, this study biomechanically showed that degenerative changes in the patellofemoral joint should not be considered an absolute contraindication to treatment with medial UKA.

“…In this study, an existing three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear FE models of the knee joint of four male subjects (Subject 1: age 36 years, height 178 cm, mass 75 kg; Subject 2: age 34 years, height 173 cm, mass 83 kg; Subject 3: age 32 years, height 182 cm, mass 79 kg; Subject 4: age 34 years, height 173 cm mass 71 kg) and one female subject (Subject 5: age 26 years, height 163 cm, mass 65 kg) was used. This FE models were developed using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging data (16,17) and included the bony structures of the knee joint and the soft tissues of the PF and tibiofemoral (TF) anatomy. The articular cartilage and menisci were defined as isotropic linearly elastic materials and transversely isotropic and linearly elastic materials, respectively (18).…”

Section: Normal Knee Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interfaces between the cartilage and bones were modeled to be fully bonded. Contact was applied between the femoral cartilage and the meniscus, the meniscus and the tibial cartilage, and the femoral cartilage and the tibial cartilage for both the medial and lateral sides (16).…”

Section: Cartilagementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of contact stress on patellarfemoral joint and quadriceps force in fixed and mobile-bearing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Kwon

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

Background Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an effective treatment for end-stage, symptomatic unicompartmental osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint. However, patellofemoral (PF) joint degeneration is a contraindication to medial UKA. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the biomechanical effect on the PF joint in medial UKA using fixed-bearing (FB) and mobile-bearing (MB) design prostheses. Methods A three-dimensional finite-element model of a normal knee joint was developed using medical image data. We performed statistical analysis for each model. The differences in the contact stress on the PF joint and the quadriceps force between the FB and MB designs were evaluated under a deep-knee-bend condition. Results At an early flexion angle, the results of the contact stress were showed that there was no significant difference between the FB and MB medial UKA models compared with the intact model. However, at a large flexion angle, we observed a significant increase in the contact stress of FB models. On the contrary, in the case of the MB models, there was no statistically significant increment compared to the intact model. Our results indicate that with medial UKA, the contact stress increased, and a greater quadriceps force was applied to the PF joint. However, there should be no difficulty in performing UKA on a PF joint with OA, unless there is anterior knee pain. This is because the increase in the contact stress is negligible. Conclusions Our results showed that there was no significant difference in contact stress on the PF joint between medial UKA and intact knee joints. In particular, such a mechanism was easily found in mobile-bearing medial UKA. Therefore, this study biomechanically showed that degenerative changes in the PF joint should not be considered an absolute contraindication for treatment with medial UKA.