Biomechanical differences of arm swing countermovement jumps on sand and rigid surface performed by elite beach volleyball players

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible arm swing effect on the biomechanical parameters of vertical counter movement jump due to differences of the compliance of the take-off surface. Fifteen elite male beach-volleyball players (26.2 ± 5.9 years; 1.87 ± 0.05 m; 83.4 ± 6.0 kg; mean ± standard deviation, respectively) performed counter movement jumps on sand and on a rigid surface with and without an arm swing. Results showed significant (p < .05) surface effects on the jump height, the ankle joint angle at the lowest height of the body center of mass and the ankle angular velocity. Also, significant arm swing effects were found on jump height, maximum power output, temporal parameters, range of motion and angular velocity of the hip. These findings could be attributed to the instability of the sand, which resulted in reduced peak power output due to the differences of body configuration at the lowest body position and lower limb joints' range of motion. The combined effect of the backward arm swing and the recoil of the sand that resulted in decreased resistance at ankle plantar flexion should be controlled at the preparation of selected jumping tasks in beach-volleyball.

Effects of Surface Properties on Gastrocnemius Medialis and Vastus Lateralis Fascicle Mechanics During Maximal Countermovement Jumping

“…Our results suggest that jumping coordination remains similar between surfaces. This robust pattern of coordination between the main lower limb joints during jumping is also present when CMJ are performed on stiffer, steel-made force plate or soft and highly deformable sand surface ( Giatsis et al, 2018 ). Similar joint range of motion (i.e., flexion and extension) and time to perform the preparatory countermovement and push-off were found between surfaces, which indicate that participants kept the same jumping strategy whatsoever the type of surface.…”

“…However, we observed an increase in peak ankle plantar flexion velocity (i.e., reached ∼35 ms before toe-off) on the hybrid turf (+7 ± 9%; significant) and artificial turf (+6 ± 8%; non-significant) compared to the athletic track ( Table 1 ). This higher ankle angular velocity could be possible because of smaller resistance at ankle plantar flexion on the more deformable surfaces ( Giatsis et al, 2018 ). Previously, Giatsis et al (2018) showed that a decreased resistance due to an increase in surface compliance resulted in both a larger ankle range of motion and angular velocity during CMJ on sand compared to a stiff surface.…”

“…This higher ankle angular velocity could be possible because of smaller resistance at ankle plantar flexion on the more deformable surfaces ( Giatsis et al, 2018 ). Previously, Giatsis et al (2018) showed that a decreased resistance due to an increase in surface compliance resulted in both a larger ankle range of motion and angular velocity during CMJ on sand compared to a stiff surface. In our study, it is likely that the greater deformation capacity of the turf surfaces and probably the decreased resistance compared to the athletic track account for the higher peak ankle angular velocity late in the jump.…”

Differences in Mechanical Characteristics of Vertical Jump Between Athletes in Sports Games

“…The release time of the stored elastic energy can be optimized by increasing the amount of activity of the eccentric muscle (McBride, McCaulley, & Cormie, 2008;Finni, Komi, & Lepola, 2000). These results are based on the fact that maximal vertical jumps need a greater engagement of the hip extensor muscles (Giatsis, Panoutsakopoulos, & Kollias, 2018;Bobbert & Casius, 2005;Lees, Vanrenterghem, & De Clercq, 2004) and we saw that volleyball players have the best result in jump height (H).…”

Biomecânica dos fundamentos do voleibol: saque e ataque

“…Imediatamente a perna de elevação dá um passo e chega ao lado da perna de impulsão para iniciar a elevação do centro de gravidade do solo e o tornozelo realiza uma veloz flexão plantar com extensão das demais articulações (joelho, quadril e coluna vertebral) para continuar a alta velocidade vertical que vai propiciar uma ótima impulsão (Shalmanov, 1998). No voleibol na areia difere ao da quadra, ocorre mínima flexão plantar e dessa maneira essa ação se acentua até o jogador perder o contato com a areia fofa, sendo realizado com rapidez para gerar uma alta velocidade vertical e ocasionar uma ótima impulsão (Giatsis, Panoutsakopoulos & Kollias, 2018).…”