Biomechanical correlates of running performance in active children

Williams, Sîan; Netto, Kevin; Kennedy, Renee; Turner-Bryndzej, Jarrad; Campbell, Ryan S.; Rosalie, Simon M.

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2018.05.025

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…While published data indicate that declines in CRF performance are independent of increases in body size [39], we were unable to adjust our trends in CRF for trends in body size/composition. We found that declines in CRF coincided with increases in body size (height, mass) and fat mass (measured as sum of skinfolds), which is consistent with other studies [22,40], Although increased height probably reflects increased leg and stride lengths resulting in improved run/walk performance [41], it is possible that run/walk performance was more strongly influenced by increases in body mass and fat mass (as measured by sum of skinfolds) which increased the energy requirement of the task [23,42], hence why we found a decline. Furthermore, the decline in 9-min run/walk performance may be influenced by concurrent declines in PA levels, as revealed by a local report from the Department of Health, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region [43].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Temporal Trends in the Physical Fitness of Hong Kong Adolescents Between 1998 and 2015

et al. 2022

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Low physical fitness in adolescence is linked with increased cardiometabolic risk and early all-cause mortality. This study aimed to estimate temporal trends in the physical fitness of Hong Kong adolescents aged 12–17 years between 1998 and 2015. Physical fitness (9-min run/walk, sit-ups, push-ups, and sit-and-reach) and body size data in a total of 28,059 adolescents tested across five population-representative surveys of Hong Kong secondary school pupils, were reported. Temporal trends in means were estimated at the gender-age level by best-fitting sample-weighted linear regression, with national trends estimated by a post-stratified population-weighting procedure. Overall, there were small declines in 9-min run/walk (effect size (ES) = 0.29 (95%CI: 0.32, 0.26)) and sit-ups performance (ES = 0.24 (95%CI: 0.27, 0.21)), with negligible changes in push-ups and sit-and-reach performance. There were small concurrent increases in both mean height and body mass, with a negligible increase in sum of skinfolds. Trends in mean physical fitness and body size/ were not always uniform across the population distribution. The small declines in mean 9-min run/walk and sit-ups performance for Hong Kong adolescents are suggestive of corresponding declines in cardiorespiratory fitness and abdominal/core endurance, respectively. Increased national health promotion strategies are required to improve existing fitness trends.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Temporal Trends in the Physical Fitness of Hong Kong Adolescents Between 1998 and 2015

et al. 2022

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“…The first task of the FUS, running over hurdles, assesses proficiency in the combination of high speed running, unilateral jumping (i.e., leaping), rhythm and dynamic balance. The ability to run is a fundamental action which needs to be learned by all children [ 55 ]. Running requires coordination between the legs, arms, and torso.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fus test: a promising tool for evaluating fundamental motor skills in children and adolescents

Makaruk,

Porter,

Webster

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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Fundamental motor skills (FMS) are essential for enjoyable, confident and skillful participation in physical activity across the lifespan. Due to the alarming low level of FMS proficiency in children and adolescents worldwide, the development of motor competency is an urgent issue for physical education. The promotion and implementation of a systematic process of teaching and learning FMS should be a physical education priority. Accordingly, effective assessment tools for evaluating FMS should be adopted or developed. Because FMS assessment for both children and adolescents need further effective solutions, the primary aim of this study was to develop the new age-related test of FMS (Fundamental Motor Skills in Sport test, in Polish: Test Fundamentalnych Umiejętności Ruchowych w Sporcie, FUS). The secondary aim of this study was to establish validity and inter-rater, intra-rater, test-retest reliabilities and internal consistency of the FUS test. The FUS test involves six sport skill-based tasks: hurdling, jumping rope, forward roll, ball bouncing, throwing and catching a ball, and kicking and stopping a ball. Two hundred sixty-four Polish students in grades 1–3 (7–9 yrs; n = 81), 4–6 (10–12 yrs; n = 89) and 7–8 (13–14 yrs; n = 94), including 139 girls and 125 boys completed the FUS test. The content validity index for all items was notably high. Both inter-rater and intra-rater reliability showed substantial to almost perfect agreement, with observed agreements for FUS skills between 78.5 and 93.1%. Ball bouncing had a moderate correlation with the forward roll and throwing and catching, while other correlations were low or insignificant. ICC values, ranging from 0.95 to 0.97, confirmed excellent test-retest reliability. The results of our study provide evidence that the FUS test is valid, reliable, and feasible to administer in school settings. Therefore, this tool test has the potential to support deliberate practice and improve motor competence by providing a standardized and structured approach to measuring FMS among school-aged children and adolescents.

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“…The YYIR1C test was utilized to assess this parameter. This trial involves running abilities, and running economy is related to motor performance abilities and practice [27]. Therefore, two more years of motor practice and experience paid again in favour of Under 12 manifesting better aerobic fitness results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Age and Body Composition on Physical Fitness and Soccer Skills Among Pre-Pubertal Players in "Mixed-Age" Teams

Abate Daga,

Agostino,

Cazzoli

2023

EFMS

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Purpose: The main objective of this research was to examine how age impacts physical fitness and soccer skills among players in mixed-age teams. Additionally, the study aimed to explore the connection between body fat percentage, BMI, and physical performance. Methods: The researchers selected 43 pre-pubertal children from an amateur soccer school and placed them in the "Under 10" or "Under 12" groups based on age. To evaluate the players, the researchers conducted tests such as the standing long jump, 20-meter sprint, shuttle dribble, and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 modified for Children (YYIR1C). Results: The results indicated that older and more experienced children performed better in physical and soccer-specific evaluations (p < 0.0001). Moreover, higher body fat levels harmed physical exertion and soccer-specific performance (p< 0.001). Conclusion: Therefore, mixed-age teams may not be the most effective solution for maximizing soccer school schedules, and nutritional guidance should be incorporated into soccer school programs.

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Biomechanical correlates of running performance in active children

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Temporal Trends in the Physical Fitness of Hong Kong Adolescents Between 1998 and 2015

Temporal Trends in the Physical Fitness of Hong Kong Adolescents Between 1998 and 2015

The fus test: a promising tool for evaluating fundamental motor skills in children and adolescents

The Impact of Age and Body Composition on Physical Fitness and Soccer Skills Among Pre-Pubertal Players in "Mixed-Age" Teams

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