Biomechanical Basis of Common Shoulder Problems

Armfield, Derek R.; Stickle, Robert L; Robertson, Douglas D.; Towers, Jeffery D; Debski, Richard E.

doi:10.1055/s-2003-41081

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Since the glenoid fossa and head of the humerus are only partially connected at the GH joint, the shoulder exhibits a great amount of mobility, while sacrificing stability [ 23 , 24 ]. The sternoclavicular (SC) joint is a saddle joint, and serves as the only connection from the shoulder to the axial skeletal system [ 27 ]. The SC joint allows for several movements associated with the clavicle, including elevation/depression around the anterior-posterior axis, protraction/retraction around the vertical axis, and anterior/posterior rolling rotation around the medial-lateral axis [ 27 ].…”

Section: Functional Anatomy Of the Shouldermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sternoclavicular (SC) joint is a saddle joint, and serves as the only connection from the shoulder to the axial skeletal system [ 27 ]. The SC joint allows for several movements associated with the clavicle, including elevation/depression around the anterior-posterior axis, protraction/retraction around the vertical axis, and anterior/posterior rolling rotation around the medial-lateral axis [ 27 ]. The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is a plane joint which generally restricts movement at the shoulder and allows forces to be transmitted from the upper extremity to the clavicle [ 27 ].…”

Section: Functional Anatomy Of the Shouldermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SC joint allows for several movements associated with the clavicle, including elevation/depression around the anterior-posterior axis, protraction/retraction around the vertical axis, and anterior/posterior rolling rotation around the medial-lateral axis [ 27 ]. The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is a plane joint which generally restricts movement at the shoulder and allows forces to be transmitted from the upper extremity to the clavicle [ 27 ]. The AC joint is responsible for anterior/posterior tilting of the scapula around the medial-lateral axis, upward/downward rotation around the anterior-posterior axis, and internal/external rotation around the vertical axis [ 26 ].…”

Section: Functional Anatomy Of the Shouldermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AC joint is responsible for anterior/posterior tilting of the scapula around the medial-lateral axis, upward/downward rotation around the anterior-posterior axis, and internal/external rotation around the vertical axis [ 26 ]. The scapulothoracic (ST) joint aids in the internal rotation of the shoulder [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. It is not classified as a fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial joint.…”

Section: Functional Anatomy Of the Shouldermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The motion of the shoulder can be separated into static (passive) and dynamic (active) components [ 27 , 28 ]. Static components include the congruency between the humeral head and glenoid fossa, the fibrocartilaginous labrum, constrained capsule, GH ligaments, and the negative intra-articular pressure present in the labrum [ 27 , 28 ]. The glenoid fossa is a concave structure that connects to the humeral head.…”

Section: Static and Dynamic Stabilization Of The Shouldermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Biomechanical and Exercise Considerations

Levine

Rigby

2018

Healthcare

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Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) describes a group of disorders that are due to a dynamic compression of blood vessels or nerves, between the clavicle and first rib or cervical vertebral nerve roots. Individuals with TOS typically experience upper limb pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness that is exacerbated by shoulder or neck movement. The causes of TOS vary, and can include abrupt movements, hypertrophy of the neck musculature, and anatomical variations in which the brachial plexus roots pass through this musculature, edema, pregnancy, repeated overhead motions, the blockage of an artery or vein, or abnormal posture. To understand the complexity of this condition, an analysis of shoulder anatomy and mechanics are needed to help describe limitations and the subsequent pathophysiology of TOS. Several treatment options are available, including surgery, medications, and exercise. A comprehensive study of shoulder anatomy and biomechanics, and knowledge of the benefits of exercise, may help clinicians and healthcare practitioners determine the most appropriate treatment plan for an individual with TOS.

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Section: Functional Anatomy Of the Shouldermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functional Anatomy Of the Shouldermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functional Anatomy Of the Shouldermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functional Anatomy Of the Shouldermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Static and Dynamic Stabilization Of The Shouldermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Biomechanical and Exercise Considerations

Levine

Rigby

2018

Healthcare

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Shoulder Injuries in Sport

Horsley

2010

Sports Rehabilitation and Injury Prevention

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Kinetic strategies of patients with shoulder impingement syndrome

Doiron

Delacroix

Denninger

et al. 2009

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Our aim was to determine whether subjects with shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) have abnormal multijoint torque patterns compared to healthy subjects during normalized isometric force along specific directions. Subjects had to generate an isometric force corresponding to 40% of the maximal pain-free force. Eight targets were displayed on a monitor (0, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225, 270, and 3158). We calculated shoulder and elbow torques (kinetic strategies) using a biomechanical model. Regardless of the target location, the SIS group succeeded in reaching the target; however, when compared to the healthy subjects, they needed more time to do so, suggesting that SIS may slow down the execution of the kinetic strategies. Moreover, the SIS group produced lower shoulder external/internal torque to reach the targets located at 08 and 2258, and they generated greater abduction/adduction torque for targets located at 0, 135, and 1808. In addition, they had lower elbow extension/flexion torque for the target located at 3158. The investigation of atypical kinetic strategies is essential to provide an understanding of the pathomechanics of the SIS and to develop more effective treatment strategies. Shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) is an encroachment of the subacromial bursa and the rotator cuff that results from the narrowing of the subacromial space. 1 There are two predominant theories about the cause of impingement. The intrinsic theory suggests that tendon degeneration, due to overuse, tension overload, or trauma lead to muscle weakness and lack of shoulder movements coordination. In contrast, the extrinsic theory proposes that impingement is caused by factors unrelated to the tendon. Despite the controversy regarding the etiology, SIS is a general term related to pathology involving the rotator cuff, biceps tendon, and subacromial bursa. 2 SIS constitutes a medical, social, and economic impairment on society, 3 with diagnosed cases of rotator cuff pathology usually resulting in impaired physical health and lower quality of life. 4 Kinematic changes at the scapula are associated with SIS. 2,5 Moreover, altered dynamic stability of the shoulder is associated with SIS, 6 a decreased rotator cuff contribution during arm elevation associated with an increased contribution of the deltoid, and an altered force production of the deltoid and the supraspinatus or a dysfunctional rotator cuff can result in increased superior translation of the humeral head. 1,5,7 Nonetheless, electromyography results from a limited set of muscles inevitably provide an incomplete picture of coordination disturbances following SIS.During the last decade, the impact of rotator cuff pathology on either isokinetic or isometric strength has been quantified. 4,[8][9][10] Overall, results revealed that patients have lower strength than healthy subjects. But these studies did not measure shoulder internal/ external, adduction/abduction, and flexion/extension and elbow joint torque coupling. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to determ...

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Biomechanical Basis of Common Shoulder Problems

Cited by 22 publications

References 34 publications

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Biomechanical and Exercise Considerations

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Biomechanical and Exercise Considerations

Shoulder Injuries in Sport

Kinetic strategies of patients with shoulder impingement syndrome

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