Biomechanical and neurophysiological mechanisms related to postural control and efficiency of movement: A review

Sousa, Andreia S. P.; Silva, Augusta; Tavares, João Manuel R. S.

doi:10.3109/08990220.2012.725680

Cited by 105 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…In the correlation analysis, PIGD score was significantly and negatively correlated with MoCA score (Table 3), which was consistent with the hypothesis that cognitive impairment might be associated with the PIGD subtype. Postural control is referred to the control of the body’s position with the aim of maintenance of balance and orientation3334. A previous study showed that more cognition-related regions, such as caudate, fusiform gyrus and inferior parietal lobes35, were affected in PIGD patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotype of postural instability/gait difficulty in Parkinson disease: relevance to cognitive impairment and mechanism relating pathological proteins and neurotransmitters

Zuo

Piao

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Parkinson disease (PD) is identified as tremor-dominant (TD) and postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) phenotypes. The relationships between motor phenotypes and cognitive impairment and the underlying mechanisms relating pathological proteins and neurotransmitters in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are unknown. We evaluated the motor symptoms and cognitive function by scales, and detected the levels of pathological proteins and neurotransmitters in CSF. TD group and PIGD group had significantly higher levels of total tau, tau phosphorylated at the position of threonine 181(P-tau181t), threonine 231, serine 396, serine 199 and lower β amyloid (Aβ)1–42 level in CSF than those in control group; PIGD group had significantly higher P-tau181t level and lower Aβ1–42 level than those in TD group. In PD group, PIGD severity was negatively correlated with MoCA score and Aβ1–42 level in CSF, and positively correlated with Hoehn-Yahr stage and P-tau181t level in CSF. In PIGD group, PIGD severity was negatively correlated with homovanillic acid (HVA) level in CSF, and HVA level was positively correlated with Aβ1–42 level in CSF. PIGD was significantly correlated with cognitive impairment, which underlying mechanism might be involved in Aβ1–42 aggregation in brain and relevant neurochemical disturbance featured by the depletion of HVA in CSF.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotype of postural instability/gait difficulty in Parkinson disease: relevance to cognitive impairment and mechanism relating pathological proteins and neurotransmitters

Zuo

Piao

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Balance is a multi-dimensional motor skill whose nuances can be recorded by means of motor test procedures or instrumental methods15 ) . In our study, postural sway was analyzed as a reliable parameter26 ) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Body posture is a complex controlled process that is influenced by a number of biomechanical and neurophysiological mechanisms15 ) . Postural control includes the alignment of body segments through muscular activity26 ) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interrelationship between postural balance and body posture in children and adolescents

Ludwig

2017

J Phys Ther Sci

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[Purpose] This study examined possible interrelationships between postural sway and posture parameters in children and adolescents with a particular focus on posture weakness. [Subjects and Methods] 308 healthy children and adolescents (124 girls, 184 boys, aged 12.3 ± 2.5 years) participated in the study. Posture parameters (posture index, head protrusion, trunk inclination) were determined based on posture photos in the sagittal plane. Postural sway was measured during 20 seconds on a force plate. The Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficients between the anthropometric and posture parameters and the sway path length (SPL) were calculated, as well as the coefficient of determination R2. [Results] There is a weak but significant correlation between age or body mass index of the test subjects and the SPL. There is no statistically significant correlation between posture parameters and the SPL. Children and adolescents with posture weakness do not exhibit a changed SPL. [Conclusion] Therefore, therapy of poor posture must be considered separately from therapeutic measures for the improvement of balance skills.

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“…Subject literature assumes that COP oscillations correspond to the degree of balance. The most frequently analysed parameter is the length of the path designated by the movement of the COP of the feet [9][10][11][12]. Dynamic balance tests use measurement devices with an unstable surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Changes in the Parameters of Body Stability in the Participants of a Nine-Day Snowboarding Course

Stanıszewski

Zybko

Wiszomirska

2017

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

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Introduction. Snowboarding is a sports discipline in which postural control is key to achieving an effective technique. The body is positioned sideways on the snowboard, with only the head facing forward. This study evaluated the effect of several days of intense snowboarding on the parameters of static and dynamic body stability in persons with different levels of skill. Material and methods. A nine-day snowboarding course was designed and conducted with beginner (N = 16) and advanced snowboarders (N = 14) in the mountains in winter. Before and after the course, dynamic body stability was measured on a Biodex Balance System (USA) platform with an unstable surface, and static body stability was measured on a FreeMed Sensor Medica (Italy) stabilometric platform. Results. Measurements on an unstable surface showed significantly weaker (p < 0.01) values of body stability in a lateral stance in the snowboarding stance than in a forward stance and a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in performance after the course. On a stable surface, the improvement in performance (p < 0.05) occurred only among the beginners, in the snowboard basic position. Conclusions. The results confirm that snowboarding, or continuous unstable balance, improves postural control, which leads to the conclusion that the lateral stance on the snowboard is a clearly disruptive factor in natural postural control. This constitutes a considerable difficulty, especially for beginners, who in addition to learning new technical skills, must adapt to continuously shifting balance.

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Biomechanical and neurophysiological mechanisms related to postural control and efficiency of movement: A review

Cited by 105 publications

References 175 publications

Phenotype of postural instability/gait difficulty in Parkinson disease: relevance to cognitive impairment and mechanism relating pathological proteins and neurotransmitters

Phenotype of postural instability/gait difficulty in Parkinson disease: relevance to cognitive impairment and mechanism relating pathological proteins and neurotransmitters

Interrelationship between postural balance and body posture in children and adolescents

Evaluation of Changes in the Parameters of Body Stability in the Participants of a Nine-Day Snowboarding Course

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