Biomechanical and biochemical properties of the thoracic aorta in warmblood horses, Friesian horses, and Friesians with aortic rupture

Saey, Veronique; Famaey, Nele; Smoljkic, Marija; Claeys, Erik; Loon, Gunther van; Ducatelle, Richard; Ploeg, Margreet; Delesalle, Cathérine; Gröne, Andrea; Duchateau, Luc; Chiers, Koen

doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0597-0

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Harkness et al (1957) investigated the regional elastin and collagen proportions in dogs and found that in the intrathoracic aorta there was approximately twice as much elastin as collagen in the wall; in all other vessels this relationship was reversed. Saey et al (2015) report, for an equine population, a greater concentration of collagen in the distal thoracic aorta compared with proximal; however, there were no significant regional differences in elastin content. Results by Davidson et al (1985) show that elastic fibres were reduced in the abdominal compared with thoracic aorta in a porcine group, and Shadwick (1999) reported higher compliance proximally than distally in whales.…”

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confidence: 80%

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Quantification of the regional bioarchitecture in the human aorta

et al. 2019

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Regional variance in human aortic bioarchitecture responsible for the elasticity of the vessel is poorly understood. The current study quantifies the elements responsible for aortic compliance, namely, elastin, collagen and smooth muscle cells, using histological and stereological techniques on human tissue with a focus on regional heterogeneity. Using donated cadaveric tissue, a series of samples were excised between the proximal ascending aorta and the distal abdominal aorta, for five cadavers, each of which underwent various staining procedures to enhance specific constituents of the wall. Using polarised light microscopy techniques, the orientation of collagen fibres was studied for each location and each tunical layer of the aorta. Significant transmural and longitudinal heterogeneity in collagen fibre orientations were uncovered throughout the vessel. It is shown that a von Mises mixture model is required accurately to fit the complex collagen fibre distributions that exist along the aorta. Additionally, collagen and smooth muscle cell density was observed to increase with increasing distance from the heart, whereas elastin density decreased. Evidence clearly demonstrates that the aorta is a highly heterogeneous vessel which cannot be simplistically represented by a single compliance value. The quantification and fitting of the regional aortic bioarchitectural data, although not without its limitations, including mean cohort age of 77.6 years, facilitates the development of next‐generation finite element models that can potentially simulate the influence of regional aortic composition and microstructure on vessel biomechanics.

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confidence: 80%

“…Saey et al. () report, for an equine population, a greater concentration of collagen in the distal thoracic aorta compared with proximal; however, there were no significant regional differences in elastin content. Results by Davidson et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Quantification of the regional bioarchitecture in the human aorta

et al. 2019

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“…; Saey et al . , ). A primary genetic connective tissue disorder (breed‐specific collagen defect) at an anatomically predisposed site with high pressure gradient in the aortic arch, combined with an additional elastin deficiency and compensatory smooth muscle cell hypertrophy, has been proposed as the causative factor in this pathology (Ploeg et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both Arabian and Friesian horses show an increased prevalence of genetic cardiovascular disorders. Arabians are known for cardiovascular shunting (Bonagura et al 2010;Hall et al 2010), while aortic rupture or aorto-pulmonary fistulation has a higher prevalence in Friesians and occurs generally as a transverse tear adjacent to the scar of the ligamentum arteriosum (van Loon et al 2010;van Loon et al 2011;Ploeg et al 2013;Saey et al 2015Saey et al , 2016. A primary genetic connective tissue disorder (breed-specific collagen defect) at an anatomically predisposed site with high pressure gradient in the aortic arch, combined with an additional elastin deficiency and compensatory smooth muscle cell hypertrophy, has been proposed as the causative factor in this pathology Saey et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversed patent ductus arteriosus and multiple congenital malformations in an 8‐day‐old Arabo‐Friesian foal

Dufourni

Decloedt

Clercq

et al. 2017

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary An 8‐day‐old Arabo‐Friesian filly was presented with signs of severe dyspnoea, tachypnoea, coughing and cyanotic mucous membranes. On auscultation, a bilateral grade V/VI continuous heart murmur and heart rate of 155 beats/min (sinus tachycardia) were detected. Lung ultrasonography revealed pronounced comet tail artefacts indicating lung oedema. Echocardiography showed right ventricular hypertrophy, a 1.2 cm muscular ventricular septal defect with a left‐to‐right shunt, a stenotic bicuspid pulmonary valve and severe mitral and tricuspid valve regurgitation. Tricuspid regurgitation peak velocity indicated a right ventricular systolic pressure of 119 mmHg. The pulmonary artery was severely dilated and a 1 cm diameter patent ductus arteriosus was found. Colour flow Doppler showed systolic ductal flow reversal with right‐to‐left shunting through the ductus. Arterial partial oxygen pressure and saturation were lower in the metatarsal artery (25 mmHg, saturation 52.6%) than in the carotid artery (31 mmHg, saturation 64.3%). Due to the poor prognosis, the foal was subjected to euthanasia and necropsy confirmed the ultrasonographic findings. Patent ductus arteriosus is a rare condition and occurs most frequently in combination with tetralogy and pentalogy of Fallot. A genetic basis for congenital cardiac disease, especially for ventricular septal defects, in Arabians and for aortic rupture and aorto‐pulmonary fistulation in Friesians has been reported. Whether cross‐breeding leads to an increased prevalence is unknown. This is the first case report with echocardiographic visualisation of reversed ductal flow in a neonatal Arabo‐Friesian foal.

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“…On the other hand, recent studies have analyzed the morphometric properties of the aorta in horses, including the proportions of elastin, collagen and smooth muscle cells (SMC) [15, 16]. However, they did not examine horses with a broad age range.…”

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Morphometric changes in the aortic arch with advancing age in fetal to mature thoroughbred horses

Endoh

Matsuda

Okamoto

et al. 2017

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Aortic rupture is a well recognized cause of sudden death in thoroughbred horses. Some microscopic lesions, such as those caused by cystic medial necrosis and medionecrosis, can lead to aortic rupture. However, these microscopic lesions are also observed in normal horses. On the other hand, a previous study of aortic rupture suggested that underlying elastin and collagen deposition disorders might be associated with aortic rupture. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the structural components of the tunica media of the aortic arch, which is composed of elastin, collagen, smooth muscle cells and mucopolysaccharides (MPS), in fetal to mature thoroughbred horses. The percentage area of elastin was greatest in the young horses and subsequently decreased with aging. The percentage area of collagen increased with aging, and the elderly horses (aged ≥20) exhibited significantly higher percentage areas of collagen than the young horses. The percentage area of smooth muscle cells did not change with age. The percentage area of MPS was inversely proportional to the percentage area of elastin. The fetuses exhibited a markedly larger percentage area of MPS than the mature horses. We concluded that the medial changes seen in the aortic arch, which included a reduction in the amount of elastin and increases in the amounts of collagen and MPS, were age-related variations.

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Biomechanical and biochemical properties of the thoracic aorta in warmblood horses, Friesian horses, and Friesians with aortic rupture

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Quantification of the regional bioarchitecture in the human aorta

Quantification of the regional bioarchitecture in the human aorta

Reversed patent ductus arteriosus and multiple congenital malformations in an 8‐day‐old Arabo‐Friesian foal

Morphometric changes in the aortic arch with advancing age in fetal to mature thoroughbred horses

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