Biomechanical Analysis of Indy Race Car Crashes

Melvin, John W.; Baron, K.; Little, William C.; Gideon, Thomas; Pierce, John

doi:10.4271/983161

Cited by 49 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In contrast, this study shows that, in the absence of chest compression, posteriorly directed acceleration alone-up to the magnitudes studied here-is not sufficient to cause aortic injury in human cadavers. These results are consistent with the limited in vivo acceleration tolerance data available in the literature (Melvin et al, 1998;Mertz Fig. 2.…”

Section: Article In Presssupporting

confidence: 94%

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Posterior acceleration as a mechanism of blunt traumatic injury of the aorta

Forman

Stacey

Evans

et al. 2008

Journal of Biomechanics

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Section: Article In Presssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Limited field data and experimental studies have provided some insight into thoracic tolerance to posteriorly directed acceleration (Stapp, 1970;Mertz and Gadd, 1971;Melvin et al, 1998;Baque et al, 2006). None of those studies, however, explicitly attempted to isolate acceleration as a mechanical input into the body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Posterior acceleration as a mechanism of blunt traumatic injury of the aorta

Forman

Stacey

Evans

et al. 2008

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…The frontal loading mode simulates the shoveling mechanism hypothesized by Voigt and Wilfert (1969). The side impact mode with and without engaging the arm and shoulder is associated with anterior sternum motions as discussed by Cavanaugh et al (2005) and Melvin et al (1998) combined with lateral heart displacement. The out‐of‐position seatbelt pretensioner loading, similar to the testing by Foster et al (2006) simulates the submarining mechanism.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Recent firsts in cadaveric impact biomechanics research

2011

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High-speed biplane x-ray and neutral density targets were used to examine brain displacement and deformation, as well as aortic motion and deformation within the mediastinum, during impact. Thirty-five impacts using eight human cadaver head and neck specimens and eight impacts of the intact cadaver thorax are summarized. During impact, local brain tissue tends to keep its position and shape with respect to the inertial frame, resulting in relative motion between the brain and skull and deformation of the brain. The local brain motions tend to follow looping patterns. Similar patterns are observed for impact in different planes, with some degree of posterior-anterior and right-left symmetry. Clinically relevant damage to the aorta was observed in seven of the thorax tests. The presence of atherosclerosis was demonstrated to promote tearing. The isthmus of the aorta moved dorsocranially during frontal impact and submarining loading modes. The aortic isthmus moved medially and anteriorly during impact to the left side.

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“…At a more detailed level, specific mechanisms of injury are described and their frequency and consequences assessed. Just as an example, detailed crash investigation studies of US Indy car crashes, where the cars are fitted with comprehensive crash recorders, have suggested that the current thoracic injury criteria may be overly conservative, although the population of crashes in that sample is not typical in that it is restricted to very fit, young males (Melvin et al 1998).…”

Section: In-depth Crash Injury Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The increasing importance of the biomechanics of impact trauma

Mackay¹

2007

Sadhana

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The evolution of experimental biomechanics and crash injury research is summarized briefly to show that they both play a major role in mitigating traffic deaths and injuries. Historically, the subject has been based largely in western countries and thus focused on vehicle occupants, whereas some 80% of traffic casualties in the world are outside the vehicle as pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists. The subject is close to the regulatory process which controls vehicle design and is thus heavily influenced by government and industry, yet it is now in an expanding period because of new techniques to replicate the human frame's response to impact forces. New knowledge is likely to emerge from addressing population variations and combining real world accident investigations with experimental biomechanics. The application of impact biomechanics to the vulnerable road users is of particular importance.

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Biomechanical Analysis of Indy Race Car Crashes

Cited by 49 publications

References 5 publications

Posterior acceleration as a mechanism of blunt traumatic injury of the aorta

Posterior acceleration as a mechanism of blunt traumatic injury of the aorta

Recent firsts in cadaveric impact biomechanics research

The increasing importance of the biomechanics of impact trauma

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