Abstract::
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative illness characterized by specific loss of
dopaminergic neurons, resulting in impaired motor movement. Its prevalence is twice as compared
to the previous 25 years and affects more than 10 million individuals. Lack of treatment still
uses levodopa and other options as disease management measures. Treatment shifts to gene therapy
(GT), which utilizes direct delivery of specific genes at the targeted area. Therefore, the use of
aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) therapy
achieves an effective control to treat PD. Patients diagnosed with PD may experience improved
therapeutic outcomes by reducing the frequency of drug administration while utilizing provasin
and AADC as dopaminergic protective therapy. Enhancing the enzymatic activity of tyrosine
hydroxylase (TH), glucocorticoid hormone (GCH), and AADC in the striatum would be useful
for external L-DOPA to restore the dopamine (DA) level. Increased expression of glutamic
acid decarboxylase (GAD) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) may also be beneficial in PD. Targeting
GDNF therapy specifically to the putaminal region is clinically sound and beneficial in protecting
the dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical studies supported the role of
GDNF in exhibiting its neuroprotective effect in neurological disorders. Another Ret receptor,
which belongs to the tyrosine kinase family, is expressed in dopaminergic neurons and sounds to
play a vital role in inhibiting the advancement of PD. GDNF binding on those receptors results in
the formation of a receptor-ligand complex. On the other hand, venous delivery of recombinant
GDNF by liposome-based and encapsulated cellular approaches enables the secure and effective
distribution of neurotrophic factors into the putamen and parenchyma. The current review emphasized
the rate of GT target GDNF and AADC therapy, along with the corresponding empirical evidence.