Biomaterials for in situ cell therapy

Abstract

Cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of various diseases, such as cancers, genetic disorders, and autoimmune diseases. Currently, most cell therapy products rely on ex vivo cell engineering, which requires sophisticated manufacturing processes and poses safety concerns. The implementation of in situ cell therapy holds the potential to overcome the current limitations of cell therapy and provides a broad range of applications and clinical feasibility in the future. A variety of biomaterials have been developed to improve the function and target delivery to specific cell types due to their excellent biocompatibility, tunable properties, and other functionalities, which provide a reliable method to achieve in vivo modulation of cell reprogramming. In this article, we summarize recent advances in biomaterials for in situ cell therapy including T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and stem cells reprogramming leveraging lipid nanoparticles, polymers, inorganic materials, and other biomaterials. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives of biomaterials for in situ cell therapy.

Temporal Immunomodulation via Wireless Programmed Electric Cues Achieves Optimized Diabetic Bone Regeneration

“…These results altogether indicated that composite piezoelectric membrane possessed superior biocompatibility without obvious cytotoxic effect. The KNN nanowires have been identified to exhibit excellent biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo in our previous work. , Besides, PCL-based implantable materials have been safely applied in tissue engineering. , US excitation at 1 MHz and 100 kPa was conducted using a customized device (Figure S5A). By controlling the US excitation time, programmable US-based electric cues were produced.…”

“…5,22 Besides, PCL-based implantable materials have been safely applied in tissue engineering. 23,24 US excitation at 1 MHz and 100 kPa was conducted using a customized device (Figure S5A). By controlling the US excitation time, programmable US-based electric cues were produced.…”

In Situ Reprogramming of Immune Cells Using Synthetic Nanomaterials

“…Since there have been many comprehensive reviews concerning nanodelivery systems for in situ antigen‐presenting cell reprogramming, [ 24,29,38,39 ] for example, mRNA vaccines, we will not describe the advances of this field in this review. Instead, we will provide an overview of recent progress in the development of synthetic nanomaterials to deliver plasmid DNA or mRNA for in situ reprogramming of T cells and macrophages (summarized in Table 1 ), as they are the most attractive therapeutic cell populations of diverse immune‐related disorders (cancer, auto‐immune disease, etc.).…”

Tumor Microenvironment Modulating CaCO3‐Based Colloidosomal Microreactors Can Generally Reinforce Cancer Immunotherapy

“…Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized current cancer treatment since its discovery due to its capacity to specifically eradicate tumor cells. [ 1–4 ] To date, we have witnessed the tremendous successes of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies and CAR‐T cell therapy in the clinic. However, only a small portion of patients, particularly those bearing solid tumors, can benefit from those clinically applied immunotherapies.…”