Biomaterials based on mineralised collagen—an artificial extracellular bone matrix

Gelinsky, Michael; Bernhardt, Anne; Eckert, Marlen; Hanke, Thomas; König, Ulla; Lode, Anja; Reinstorf, Antje; Vater, Corina; Walther, Anja; Yokoyama, Atsuro; Watari, Fumio

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-76690-2_70

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Thus, there exist apatites with different behaviour, non-resorbable and resorbable apatite (Watari et al 2007b). It is necessary to know the effect of nanosizing on this change of biofunctions using nanoapatite composites (Liao et al 2005(Liao et al , 2007aGelinsky et al 2007;Li et al 2008a).…”

Section: Nanoapatitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, it is well known that natural bone is composed of collagen and nanoapatite crystallites of approximately 50 nm (Watari 2001(Watari , 2005. When the nanocomposites of apatite and collagen fibrils were biomimetically synthesized (Liao et al 2005(Liao et al , 2007aGelinsky et al 2007;Li et al 2008a,d ) and implanted in subcutaneous tissue, they were covered with fibrous connective tissue and then mostly resorbed in eight weeks by phagocytosis . Therefore, nanoapatite composites are bioresorbable.…”

Section: Change From Non-resorbable To Resorbable Apatite By Nanosizingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Material nanosizing effect on living organisms: non-specific, biointeractive, physical size effects

Watari

Takashi

Yokoyama

et al. 2009

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Nanosizing effects of materials on biological organisms was investigated by biochemical cell functional tests, cell proliferation and animal implantation testing. The increase in specific surface area causes the enhancement of ionic dissolution and serious toxicity for soluble, stimulative materials. This effect originates solely from materials and enhances the same functions as those in a macroscopic size as a catalyst. There are other effects that become prominent, especially for non-soluble, biocompatible materials such as Ti. Particle size dependence showed the critical size for the transition of behaviour is at approximately 100 mm, 10 mm and 200 nm. This effect has its origin in the biological interaction process between both particles and cells/tissue. Expression of superoxide anions, cytokines tumour necrosis factor-a and interleukin-1b from neutrophils was increased with the decrease in particle size and especially pronounced below 10 mm, inducing phagocytosis to cells and inflammation of tissue, although inductively coupled plasma chemical analysis showed no dissolution from Ti particles. Below 200 nm, stimulus decreases, then particles invade into the internal body through the respiratory or digestive systems and diffuse inside the body. Although macroscopic hydroxyapatite, which exhibits excellent osteoconductivity, is not replaced with natural bone, nanoapatite composites induce both phagocytosis of composites by osteoclasts and new bone formation by osteoblasts when implanted in bone defects. The progress of this bioreaction results in the conversion of functions to bone substitution. Although macroscopic graphite is non-cell adhesive, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cell adhesive. The adsorption of proteins and nano-meshwork structure contribute to the excellent cell adhesion and growth on CNTs. Non-actuation of the immune system except for a few innate immunity processes gives the non-specific nature to the particle bioreaction and restricts reaction to the size-sensitive phagocytosis. Materials larger than cell size, approximately 10 mm, behave inertly, but those smaller become biointeractive and induce the intrinsic functions of living organisms. This bioreaction process causes the conversion of functions such as from biocompatibility to stimulus in Ti-abraded particles, from non-bone substitutional to bone substitutional in nanoapatite and from non-cell adhesive to cell adhesive CNTs. The insensitive nature permits nanoparticles that are less than 200 nm to slip through body defence systems and invade directly into the internal body.

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Section: Nanoapatitementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Change From Non-resorbable To Resorbable Apatite By Nanosizingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material nanosizing effect on living organisms: non-specific, biointeractive, physical size effects

Watari

Takashi

Yokoyama

et al. 2009

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…Recent derivatives of CNTs with different structures and compositions have been synthesized and discovered [3]. Nanomaterials [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and nanocomposites [10][11][12][13][14][15] may have various effects on living organisms. In this study, a fundamental study for biomedical application, cell proliferation was performed on various nanotubes (NT), including (1) single-walled CNTs (SWCNT), (2) multiwalled CNTs (MWCNT), and on graphite, an isomorph of CNT, as a comparison.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proliferation of osteoblast cells on nanotubes

Watari

Akasaka

et al. 2009

Front. Mater. Sci. China

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Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have a unique structure and feature. In the present study, cell proliferation was performed on the scaffolds of single-walled CNTs (SWCNT), multiwalled CNTs (MWCNT), and on graphite, one of the representative isomorphs of pure carbon, for the sake of comparison. Scanning electron microscopy observation of the growth of osteoblast-like cells (Saos2) cultured on CNTs showed the morphology fully developed for the whole direction, which is different from that extended to one direction on the usual scaffold. Numerous filopodia were grown from cell edge, extended far long and combined with the CNT meshwork. CNTs showed the affinity for collagen and proteins. Proliferated cell numbers are largest on SWCNTs, followed by MWCNTs, and are very low on graphite. This is in good agreement with the sequence in the results of the adsorbed amount of proteins and expression of alkaline phosphatase activity for these scaffolds. The adsorption of proteins would be one of the most influential factors to make a contrast difference in cell attachment and proliferation between graphite and CNTs, both of which are isomorphs of carbon and composed of similar graphene sheet crystal structure. In addition, the nanosize meshwork structure with large porosity is another property responsible for the excellent cell adhesion and growth on CNTs. CNTs could be the favorable materials for biomedical applications.

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Biomaterials based on mineralised collagen—an artificial extracellular bone matrix

Cited by 2 publications

References 11 publications

Material nanosizing effect on living organisms: non-specific, biointeractive, physical size effects

Material nanosizing effect on living organisms: non-specific, biointeractive, physical size effects

Proliferation of osteoblast cells on nanotubes

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